2015 (№1   №2   №3   №4   №5   №6)

 

№1

L.G. Bezusko, T.S. Karpiuk, A.G. Bezusko
PALEOHOROLOGICAL RESEARCH OF ALNUS FRUTICOSA, BETULA NANA AND BOTRYCHIUM BOREALE IN THE PLAIN PART OF UKRAINE DURING THELATE DRYAS

Pollen data of Betula nana L., Alnus fruticosa Rupr. and Botrychium cf. boreale Milde from the Late Dryas sediments of the plain part of Ukraine are provided. Currently, these species have not been involved in the formation of vegetation in Ukraine. It hes been found that Betula nana, Alnus fruticosa and Botrychium cf. boreale were components of the periglacial communities in the forest and steppe zones of Ukraine during the Late Dryas. Paleopalynological materials showed that Betula nana and Botrychium cf. boreale were distributed both to the east and to the west of the Dnieper in these zones. Distribution of Alnus fruticosa was limited by the forest area and left­bank part of the forest­steppe zone. Today, the range of this species is within the permafrost zone. The first map of distribution of Betula nana, Alnus fruticosa and Botrychium cf. boreale within the plain part of Ukraine was developed. The climate warming of the interglacial rank on the border of the Late Glacial (Late Dryas) and Holocene (Preboreal) influenced the process of disintegration of periglacial communities, which was followed by the disappearance of Betula nana, Alnus fruticosa and Botrychium cf. boreale from the Ukrainian flora.

 

A.P. Ilyinska
SPECTRA OF MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF BRASSICACEAE S. L.: VEGETATIVE ORGANS

The spectra of morphological features for vegetative organs of three closely related families, Capparaceae, Cleomaceae and Brassicaceae s. str. or Brassicaceae s. l. (alternative view), were investigated. The following characters were considered: life­forms, diversity of trichomes, stem orientation, phyllotaxis and leaf type, edge of leaf blade, presence absence and form of stipules, presence absence of heterophylly, and duration of growing season. For each family, the most common (typical), rare, and not represented features were defined. The rare or not represented characters are as follows: for the family Capparaceae, metamorphosed shoots and compound leaves (first), glandular structures and heterophylly (second); for Cleomaceae, respectively, tree life­form, evergreen leaves, rosette monocarpic and plagiotropic shoots (first), simple trichomes and heterophylly (second); for Brassicaceae s. str., accordingly, tree life­form, herbaceous aquatics, metamorphosed and convolved shoots, glandular structures, whorled phyllotaxis, evergreen and compound leaves, modified stipules (first), simple multicellular hairs (second). The spectra of the studied morphological features of these three families partly overlap, and the most common (typical) and rare characters are not identical. The data obtained allow to consider the principal trends of morphological evolution of vegetative organs in the Brassicaceae s. l. It is suggested that intensification of the growth and development (neoteny), reduction process (abbreviation) and changes of the development course (deviation) resulted from adaptation of the ancestral types to seasonally dry environment in the tropics and subtropics (Cleomaceae) and to continental climate of the temperate zone (Brassicaceae s. str.). Distinct features of high specialization in modern Brassicaceae s. str. allow colonization of not only xerophilic but also cryophilic habitats.

 

I.I. Kuzmishyna, L.O. Kotsun, V.P. Vojtjuk
THE FIND OF JOVIBARBA GLOBIFERA (CRASSULACEAE) IN VOLYN REGION (UKRAINE)

The finding of Jovibarba globifera (L.) J. Parn., a rare boreal speciesfrom the family Crassulaceae J. St.­Hil., near the Uhly village (Kovel District, Volyn Region) is reported. The coenopopulation was found at the southern border of species range. For protection of the coenopopulation of the species listed in the Red Data Book of Ukraine, creation of a branch of the landscape reserve of local importance is proposed.

 

M.L. Lomberg, O.B. Mikhailova, N.A. Bisko
MUSHROOM CULTURE COLLECTION (IBK) AS A SUBJECT OF NATIONAL HERITAGE OF UKRAINE

The article is written in memory of a famous Ukrainian mycologist, Sc.D., Professor Asya Sergeevna Buchalo, the founder and first curator of the Mushroom Culture Collection (IBK). The key stages in the formation and development strategy of the Collection are presented. The species composition, including rare species in Ukraine and mushrooms with valuable properties for biotechnology, are characterized. Methods of macromycetes isolation in pure culture, the criteria for maintaining viability and identification of different species at the vegetative growth stage are provided. Uniqueness of the Mushroom Culture Collection (IBK) as a necessary resource for basic and applied mycological research in Ukraine and foreign countries is demonstrated.

 

I.I. Morozova 
PRELIMINARY DATA ON DISCOMYCETES OF MOKHNACH FORESTS (KHARKIV FOREST-STEPPE)

First data on discomycetes of Mokhnach forest massif (Kharkiv region) are presented. On this territory 15 discomycetous species are revealed, of them 5 are new for Kharkiv Forest­Steppe and 3 species (Mollisia perelegans Haglund, Lachnum fasciculare Velen., Orbilia crystallina (Quйl.) Baral.) are reported for the first time from Ukraine. Original descriptions and illustrations of the new for Ukraine and rare discomycetous species are provided.

 

V.P. Heluta, H.A. Kravchuk
FIRST RECORDS OF A NEW INVASIVE FUNGUS, ERYSIPHE MACLEAYAE (ERYSIPHALES), IN UKRAINE

Information on the distribution of a new invasive powdery mildew, Erysiphe macleayae R.Y. Zheng et G.Q. Chen, parasitising Chelidonium majus L. and Macleaya microcarpa Fedde (Papaveraceae) in Ukraine, is provided. The fungus was first found in 2007 in Crimea, and subsequently in other regions, i.e. Cherkasy, Kherson, Khmelnytsky, and Odessa oblasts, as well as in the cities of Kiev and Odessa. For the last seven years, this powdery mildew has been recorded annually in Kiev. Experimental infection of Ch. majus with a fungus from M. microcarpa was successful. Anamorphs of E. macleayae and E. cruciferarum L. Junell, parasitising Glaucium corniculatum (L.) J. Rudolph (also Papaveraceae) in Ukraine, were compared. It has been found that the former has longer conidia and conidiophores.

 

Yu.Ya. Tykhonenko, V.P. Hayova
NEW RECORDS OF MILESINA BLECHNI AND MILESINA KRIEGERIANA (PUCCINIALES) FROM THE UKRAINIAN CARPATHIANS

Two species of Milesina (Pucciniales) collected in the Gorgany Nature Reserve (Nadvirna District, Ivano­Frankivsk Region) in September 2014 are reported, M. blechni (Syd. & P. Syd.) Arthur ex Faull on Blechnum spicant (L.) Roth and M. kriegeriana (Magnus) Magnus on Dryopteris carthusiana (Vill.) H.P. Fuchs. These species have not been recorded in Ukraine for about a hundred years. Both rusts were found in very humid sites. Numerous observations of the same host plants under less humid conditions revealed no fungi. Descriptions, micrographs (SEM and LM) and distribution maps for the studied fungi are provided.

 

Yu.V. Shcherbakova, V.V. Dzhagan
SCUTELLINIA TORRENTIS (PYRONEMATACEAE, PEZIZALES), A NEW FOR UKRAINE SPECIES FROM THE CARPATHIAN BIOSPHERE RESERVE

A new for Ukraine species, Scutellinia torrentis (Rehm) T. Schumach. (Pyronemataceae, Pezizales), is reported. The species was collected in the Svydovetskyi Mountain Range of the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve. A brief description, localities, data on general distribution, taxonomic notes, photomicrographs and original illustrations are provided.

 

M.P. Prydiuk
MYTHICOMYCES (PSATHYRELLACEAE), A NEW FOR UKRAINE GENUS OF MUSHROOMS

Information on the finding of a rare species, Mythicomyces corneipes (Fr.) Redhead et A.H. Sm., a representative of unknown before in Ukraine genus Mythicomyces Redhead et A.H. Sm., is reported. The diagnosis, data on the habitat and general distribution are given. Original illustrations of the species, as well as some data on the systematics of the genus Mythicomyces are provided.

 

Ya.M. Makarenko
RARE FOR UKRAINE SPECIES OF PLUTEUS AND VOLVARIELLA (AGARICALES) FROM THE BASIN OF THE PSYOL RIVER

Information on distribution of seven rare for Ukraine species of the genus Pluteus and one of Volvariella in the basin of the Psyol river (Left­bank Forest­steppe of Ukraine, Poltava region) is reported. Of them P. ephebeus (Fr.) Gillet and V. bombycina (Schaeff.) Singer are new for Left­bank Forest­steppe, P. aurantiorugosus (Trog) Sacc., P. hispidulus (Fr.) Gillet, P. pellitus (Pers.) P. Kumm., P. phlebophorus (Ditmar) P. Kumm., P. plautus (Weinm.) Gillet and P. salicinus (Pers.) P. Kumm. previously were observed in this region.

 

V.A. Vasjuk, I.V. Kosakivska
GIBBERELLINS IN FERNS: PARTICIPATION IN REGULATION OF PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES

Literature data on gibberellins studies, their biological role in regulation of physiological processes in Polypodiophyta division are analyzed. Localization of gibberellins in fern organs, their interaction with other phytohormones, their influence on gametophyte development and spores germination are reviewed. The role of gibberellins in evolutionary processes in consideration of general concept of plant kingdom evolution is discussed.

 

S.I. Jadko
THIOREDOXIN, HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASE, AND DEACETYLASE ACTIVITIES IN THE LEAVES OF AERIAL-AQUATIC AND TERRESTRIAL PLANTS OF SIUM LATIFOLIUM AND ALISMA PLANTAGO-AQUATICA

Thioredoxin (TR), histone acetyltransferase (HAT), and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activities in plants of Sium latifolium and Alisma plantago­aquatica have been investigated. It is established that in the leaves of aerial­aquatic plants of S. latifolium growing in water, the TR, HAT and HDAC activities were lower than in terrestrial plants of the same species growing in the coastal zone. Relationship between the HDAC activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content in leaves of aerial­aquatic and terrestrial plants of A. plantago­aquatica was discovered. It is supposed that the HDAC is indirectly involved in maintaining of some pro­antioxidant level in cells to control accumulation of toxic ROS, especially under stress conditions.

 

T.I. Kolodjazhenska, O.P. Pokhylchenko
QUALITY OF JUNIPERUS SEEDS AND CRITICAL PERIODS OF THEIR FORMATION IN THE FOREST-STEPPE OF UKRAINE

Seed propagation is the most perspective for woody juniper (Juniperus L.). The collections of Kyiv Botanical Gardens contain the total of 11 species and 1 variety of juniper with «tree» life form. Given the collections conditions, quality seeds of 7 species have been objectively identified. Depending on the species, the generative cycle of juniper lasts 2-4 years. Percentage of high quality seeds for J. communis L., J. chinensis L., J. foetidissima Willd., J. virginiana L. varies within 33-70 %; J. excelsa Bieb., J. scopulorum Sarg., J. seravschanica Kom. – 0-3 %; J. communis var. oblonga (Bieb.) Parl. – 5,5-41 % in different years. The largest number of seeds throughout collection have been aborted during the pollination – fertilization phase.

 

М.М. Chubirko
PROFESSOR G.V. TKACHENKO: AT THE CROSSROADS OF SCIENCE AND LIFE (ON THE ANNIVERSARY DATE OF UZHGOROD NATIONAL UNIVERSITY)

Uzhgorod State University was founded in 1945. One of its founders, a famous Ukrainian plant physiologist, Gryoriy V. Tkachenko, was a Rector of the University since 1949. He was also an organizer of the Department of Genetics and Darwinism of the Uzhgorod State University. His wife, Motrya G. Kozhura, worked at the University as an assistant at the Department of Morphology and Systematics of Plants. During his teaching and scientific activity at the Uzhgorod State University, G.V. Tkachenko published 12 scientific papers on the biology of different grape varietes in Transcarpathia (flowering, pollination, fertilization, etc.), influence of physiologically active substances on the growth and development of plants, and practical aspects of viticulture.

 

 

№2 (2015)

P.M. Ustymenko, D.V. Dubyna

THE СODE OF PHYTOCOENOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE OF UKRAINE (DRAFT)

The authors substantiate publication of the draft version of the Code of Phytocoenological Nomenclature of Ukraine. It is pointed out that at present many Ukrainian botanists use ecology­phytocoenotic (dominant) approach in vegetation studies. However, there is no consistency in the usage of syntaxonomic names, which results in numerous errors in spelling and interpretation of the names of syntaxa. The authors emphasize that in order to avoid confusion and to provide simple and correct application of syntaxonomic names, the nomenclatural stability is crucial. Such stability could be achieved only under uniform application of conventional nomenclatural rules formulated in the Code. The article provides a brief history of the issue. A draft of the Code of Phytocoenological Nomenclature of Ukraine is proposed by the authors using as a pattern the All­Russian Code of Phytocoenological Nomenclature (Neshataev, 2001), taking into account traditions of the national classification of vegetation and syntaxonomic nomenclature of the Ukrainian geobotanical school. In the Code there have been formulated the nomenclatural rules of a unified classification system of Ukraine’s vegetation on dominant bases. The principles applied in other codes of biological nomenclature are taken as a basis of the draft. The Code structure consists of the Preamble with general provisions, and four parts. The first part, «Definitions», presents term definitions occurring in the text. In the second part, «Principles», there are eight principles, which form the basis of phytocoenotic nomenclature. The third part, «Rules and Recommendations», is the central one and consists of 13 chapters and 36 articles. Here the conditions of valid name publication, typification and priority, name formation and syntaxa orthography, rejection of names and error correction in names and their change, citation of authors’ names, competence of the Nomenclature Commission are justified. The fourth part, «Provisions on Changes of the Code», provides statements on the modifications to the Code.

 

V.B. Nebesnyi, G.A. Grodzynska

AN ASSESSMENT OF INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION OF KYIV WITH THE SPECTRAL REFLECTION OF TILIA CORDATA (TILIACEAE) LEAVES

Complex estimation of industrial pollution in Kyiv using spectrophotometric method for measuring the reflection characteristics of leaves of a bioindicator species, Tilia cordata Mill., was held. As the most informative indicator that determines the state of the plant (by inhibition of the photosynthesis), we selected the index of stress (reverse vegetation index). Studies on reflective characteristics of more than 500 leaves of T. cordata from 17 habitats in 7 administrative districts of Kyiv has revealed a trend of increasing index of stress along the gradient of traffic intensity. On the base of obtained results it is recommended to use this method for monitoring of environmental quality and rapid assessment of current environmental changes in urban ecosystems.

 

A.P. Ilyinska

THE RANGE OF THE MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF BRASSICACEAE S. L.: INFLORESCENCE, FLOWER

The spectra of morphological features of the inflorescence and the flower of plants of three closely related families: Capparaceae, Cleomaceae and Brassicaceae s. str. or Brassicaceae s. l. (alternative view) are investigated. The main attention is paid to the following features of inflorescence: type, branching pattern, the number of flowers in one inflorescence, and the presence (absence) of the bracts. For analyzing the structure of the flower were used mostly features such as: symmetry type of flower, shape, growth pattern and duration of the sepals, shape, size and features of the petals, the structural features of the receptacle and nectaries, androecium construction, structure and features of the gynoecium, and the character of flowering and pollination of the flowers. It was established that in all three families observed the same type inflorescence – raceme. The main directions evolutionary transformation of the raceme of Brassicaceae s. l. were reduction to one flower on one hand, and polymerization (increased number of the flowers in an inflorescence), – on the other. Both modus morphological changes of the raceme observed in Cleomaceae as well as in Brassicaceae s. str. It is supposed that the depletion of the raceme is the result of adaptation of plants to arid and cryophilic conditions of existence. The development of intercalary and bracteate raceme – very typical for Cleomaceae and rare in the Brassicaceae s. str., in the study group of families is probably of secondary origin. Can assume that in the process of evolution the plasticity of the structural elements of the flowers decreased and occurred their oligomerization, which resulted in the unification of morphological features, the most expressive in the Brassicaceae s. str. Different course of the blooming across of the day (predominantly at night in Capparaceae, mostly during the day in Brassicaceae s. str. and at various times of the day in Cleomaceae) is caused by, probably, need of the specific temperature conditions and humidity, as well as adaptation to one or the other pollinators. For Brassicaceae s. l. the most typical are three ways of pollination: a cross, the combined and self­pollination. Cross­pollination in each of the three families is achieved by the development of various structural elements of the flower: in the Caper family and Cleomaceae it is ensures by forming ginofor, androfor or androginofor, and cruciferous – by development of the long stylus of the ovary.

 

I.V. Vantjuh

THE MONITORING OF  RESOURCES OF ARNICA MONTANA L. (ASTERACEAE) IN THE UKRAINIAN CARPATHIANS

The results of five­year observations of the dynamics and structure of coenotic populations and resource significance of Arnica montana L. on 7 monitoring areas in different regions of the Carpathians are reported. The effect of mowing and grazing pressure on the state and dynamics of the resources of arnica were studied. It hes been found that the most severe limiting factor for resource significance of coenotic populations of A. montana is the grazing pressure on the habitats. Under conditions of restricted anthropogenic load, changes in the age structure of populations of A. montana and its resource significance were slow and determined by the degree of coenotic competition.

 

A.S. Tarieiev, V.P. Heluta

A NEW RECORD OF BETULA OBSCURA (BETULACEAE) FROM CENTRAL POLISSYA OF UKRAINE

A group of eight trees of Betula obscura Kotula ex Fiek was found on the territory of Potashnya Forestry, Kyiv Region, Ukraine. This dark­bark birch is listed in the Red Data Book of Ukraine. Two other species endangered in Ukraine, Diphasiastrum zeilleri (Rouy) Holub and Sparassis crispa (Wulfen) Fr., were also recorded close to this locality. On this basis, it is proposed to establish for the corresponding forest quarter the conservation status of a site of local importance.

 

D.V. Leontyev

THE PROSPECTS AND PERSPECTIVES OF THE PHYLOGENETIC SYSTEM OF MYXOMYCETES (MYXOGASTREA)

The history of the formation and development of our knowledge about the phylogenetic relationships within the class Myxogastrea is described, revealing the fact that the studies based on the use of different genetic markers have confirmed the division of Myxogastrea into two major clades, Lucisporidia and Columellidia. The structure of the evolutionary relationships within the group does not correspond to the traditional five orders system of the Myxogastrea and stimulate a reappraisal of their classification. Based on the literature and our own phylogenetic studies, we propose a pilot version of the phylogenetic system of the myxomycetes, which has the following structure: COLUMELLIDIA: Echinostelianae: Echinosteliales (Echinosteliaceae, Clastodermataceae); Stemonitianae: Meridermatales (Meridermataceae), Stemonitales (Stemonitaceae, Comatrichaceae), Lamprodermatales (Lamprodermataceae, Physaraceae, Kelleromyxaceae, Didymiaceae). LUCISPORIDIA: Cribrarianae: Cribrariales (Cribrariaceae), Trichianae: Reticulariales (Reticulariaceae), Liceales (Liceaceae), Trichiales (Dianemataceae, Trichiaceae).

 

N.V. Kapetz, L.Yu. Pleskach, L.P. Popova, N.M. Fedorenko, A.V. Litovynska, N.V. Shershova, S.Ya. Kondratyuk

NEW TO UKRAINE AND RARE SPECIES OF LICHEN­FORMING AND LICHENICOLOUS FUNGI

Four new to Ukraine species, Biatorella fossarum (Dufour) Th. Fr., Buelliella lecanorae Suija & Alstrup, Lecanora pannonica Szatala, and Polysporina subfuscescens (Nyl.) K. Knudsen J. & Kocourk., are recorded. Their descriptions following the «Flora of the Lichens of Ukraine» standard are provided. Localities, data on ecology and taxonomic notes for six rare and recently described taxa, Lichenochora obscuroides (Linds.) Triebel & Rambold, Physcia clementei (Turner) Lynge, Placynthiella oligotropha (J. R. Laundon) Coppins & P. James, Sarcogyne lapponica (Ach. ex Schaer.) K. Knudsen & Kocourk., Thelocarpon epibolum Nyl., and Xanthoria polessica S.Y. Kondr. & A.P. Yatzyna, are reported.

 

V.A. Vasjuk, N.P. Vedenicheva, I.V. Kosakivska

CYTOKININS AND GIBBERELLINS IN ONTOGENESIS OF EQUISETUM ARVENSE

The distribution of cytokinins and gibberellins in Equisetum arvense L. generative and vegetative sprouts at different stages of ontogenesis has been studied. It was shown that hormonal system of this ancient plant has many common features with the hormonal system of higher vascular plants. Among them, the accumulation character of active hormone forms during ontogenesis, presence of local sites of their biosynthesis, qualitative composition of cytokinins. Some specific characteristics were identified, including high concentrations of conjugated forms of zeatin at early stages of development, different type of cytokinins distribution along the vertical axis of the vegetative and generative shoots, considerable amounts of gibberellins in strobiles during spore formation. Support of the balance between cytokinins and gibberellins during ontogenesis in E. arvense organs is regarded to be one of the factors that regulate metabolism and physiological functions of plants.

 

L.Ye. Kozeko, Yu.V. Ovcharenko

DYNAMICS OF STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL SIUM LATIFOLIUM (APIACEAE) ADAPTATION TO ROOT FLOODING

Dynamics and features of adaptive processes in juvenile terrestrial Sium latifolium L. plants to soil flooding for 10 days were studied. The results show consecutive activation of heat shock protein HSP70 synthesis, then alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) synthesis – first in the roots and then in the leaves, and emergence of aerenchymatous adventitious roots after 2 days. The systemic induction and prolonged synthesis of the stress protein and anaerobic enzyme, the ability for rapid adventitious rooting, as well as the cooperation of the aerobic and anaerobic energetic processes in time and space are considered as important for flooding adaptation of the species.

 

I.V. Bulavin

IN VITRO ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA ROOT ANATOMY AND ULTRASTRUCTURE UNDER CLINOROTATION

Anatomical and ultrastructural patterns of roots formed in vitro on leaf explants in control and under clinorotation are described. It was shown that there is no significant differences in length of root growth zones, their cell number and size. Graviperceptive cells in a root cap are differentiated under clinorotation, likewise in the control; however, they do not function in these conditions. A mitochondrion size decreases in meristem cells under clinorotation that is an evidence of these organelle sensitivity to altered gravity conditions. We proposed the model of rhizogenesis in vitro for performing the space experiments to study the importance of a gravity scalar value to start the program of graviperceving cell differentiation.

 

 

№3 (2015)

Didukh Ya.P., Chetvertnykh I.S.

COMPARATIVE SYNPHYTOINDICATION ASSESSMENT OF VEGETATION OF THE POLISH TATRAS, THE UKRAINIAN CARPATHIANS, AND MOUNTAIN CRIMEA

Based on the methodology synphytoindication the comparative numerical score of model groups Polish Tatras, Ukrainian Carpathian, Mountain Crimea for 12 leading ecological factors reflecting the gradient changes within each mountain system (β-coenodiversity) was conducted. The limiting boundaries of indicators of ecological factors for selected syntaxa, degree of quantitative ecological differences between communities in these mountain areas, the nature of relationships between leading ecological factors for each mountain system and ecological specificity of these mountain systems were established. In particular, important patterns related to changing the parameters of the main climatic factors that determine the location of the mountain systems in the global ecological space were reflected. These data are important for the development of measures to protect biotops and prediction of its possible changes.

 

Onyshchenko V.A., Andrienko T.L.

CLASS OXYCOCCO-SPHAGNETEA BR.-BL. ET TÜXENEX WESTHOFF ET AL. 1946 IN THE UKRAINIAN CARPATHIANS

The article summarizes data on the Oxycocco-Sphagnetea from mires of the Ukrainian Carpathians. 71 unpublished before relevés are presented. On the basis of analysis of this data and 55 relevés from literature, 5 associations are distinguished: Eriophoro vaginati-Sphagnetum recurvi Hueck 1925, Andromedo polifoliae-Sphagnetum magellanici Bogdanovskaja-Gienev 1928, Sphagno-Pinetum sylvestris Kobendza 1930, Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum mugo Lutz 1956, Empetro nigri-Sphagnetum fusci Osvald 1923.

 

Sosnovska S.V.

SEXUAL STRUCTURE OF POPULATIONS OF CAREX PAUCIFLORA AND CAREX DIOICA (CYPERACEAE) IN UKRAINE

Sexual structure of populations of monoecious and dioecious species of genus Carex L.: C. pauciflora Lightf. and C. dioica L. (Cyperaceae Juss.) of the flora of Ukraine under different growth conditions was established. The sexual structure of investigated populations of C. pauciflora (monoecious species) is characterized by the prevalence of female flowers in individuals, that should be considered as morphologically stipulated and constant feature of the species. Minor fluctuations in the sex ual ratio of some populations located in the high land of the Ukrainian Carpathians are caused by their high-altitude distribution and influence of abiotic factors. Under the unfavourable environmental conditions combined with ant h ropo genic pressure, the less er productivity of female flowers, comparatively to m ale ones, is observed, which is accompanied by the relative balancing of their sexual ratio. In the populations of C. dioica (dioecious species) a multi-level regulation of their sexual structure is observed, providing their self-maintenance and self-renewal. A high lability of the sex ual structure of this species is mainly regulated by different e cological needs of heterosexual individuals, as well as their tolerance and the type of survival strategy under unfavourable conditions. For C. dioica populations under eco logical and coenotic optimum, the prevalence of female individuals, comparatively to male ones, is observed. Under conditions limiting the vegetative reproduction of female individuals (little moss cover and great part of dense sods in the plant cover, etc.), there is an increase of the male ones in the sexual structure of the species. Under the stress conditions, the selective effect of both natural and anthropogenic factors on heterosexual individuals causes a cardinal change in their r atio towards the domination of one of the genders.

 

Fel’baba-Klushyna L.M.

UTRICULARIA INTERMEDIA (UTRICULARIACEAE), A NEW SPECIES FOR THE FLORA OF TRANSCARPATHIA

The Utricularia intermedia was discovered in water reservoirs at the foot of volcanic ridges of the Ukrainian Carpathians. It was not listed among water species in previous floristic summaries for this region. The species is very rare in Europe. It is listed in the Red Data Book of Ukraine and Red Lists of many European countries. The article describes the ecotopes where this species occurs. Detailed geobotanical characteristics of the species and protection measures on the investigated territory are suggested.

 

Melnyk V.I., Nesin Yu.D., Shynder O.I.

PRIMULA VULGARIS (PRIMULACEAE), A NEW SPECIES FOR THE FLORA OF KYIV POLISSYA

Primula vulgaris Huds. (Primula acaulis (L.) Hill) (Primulaceae) is a rare species of the lowland part of Ukraine, known from Zhytomyr Polissya and Male Polissya (Zhytomyr and Khmelnytskyi Regions). New localities of Primula vulgaris from Kyiv Polissya (Zdvyzhivske and Lubyanske forestries, Borodyanka District, Kyiv Region) are reported. Geographical distribution of P. vulgaris in Polissya, habitats and modern state of populations in the new sites are described. Recommendations on the protection of P. vulgaris in Zdvyzhivske forestry are proposed.

 

Kondratyuk S.Y.

AGONIMIA BLUMII SP. NOV. (VERRUCARIALES, LICHEN-FORMING ASCOMYCOTA), A NEW TAXON FROM EASTERN ASIA

A species new for science, Agonimia blumii S.Y. Kondr. sp. nov., differing from all known members of the genus Agonimia in having three distinct different stages of thallus development, i.e. areolate thallus, dense isidious tufts, and totally soredious scattered and distant convex ‘pseu-doareoles’, from Kedrovaya Pad’ Nature Reserve, Khasan District of Primorsky Region, Russian Far East, is described, compared with closely related taxa and illustrated.

 

Boiko S.M.

GENETIC DIVERSITY OF POPULATIONS OF SCHIZOPHYLLUM COMMUNE (BASIDIOMYCETES) IN THE NORTH OF DONETSK REGION

Natural populations of Schizophyllum commune Fr. in the north of Donetsk Region demonstrate high polymorphism (75 %). An average of three alleles per locus was established. The excess of heterozygotes suggests an important role of the sexual process in the exchange of genetic information, and the intensity of gene flow allows to concentrate 96 % of the genetic diversity of the species in each of the studied population. Cluster analysis revealed isolation of populations within the area near Dronovka village, due to mechanical interference of the spread of genetic material. Low levels of fixation index (Fst) suggests that we are dealing with a single population of Schizophyllum commune.

 

Syrchin S.A., Grodzinskaya A.A.

EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF SOME WILD MACROMYCETES

Antioxidant properties of 6 species of edible and medicinal wild macromycetes were studied. The highest antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts of dry macromycetes biomass determined with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical found in King bolete (Boletus edulis Bull.). In terms of antioxidant activity, studied mushroom species can be represented as a sequence: Boletus edulis → Suillus luteus → B. badius → Armillariella mellea → Laetiporus sulphureus → Piptoporus betulinus.

 

Vedenicheva N.P., Vasjuk V.A., Kosakivska I.V.

SEASONAL DYNAMICS OF ENDOGENOUS CYTOKININS AND GIBBERELLINS IN THE BLACK SEA SEAWEED CYSTOSEIRA BARBATA (PHAEOPHYCEAE)

The seasonal dynamics of endogenous cytokinins and gibberellins in thallus of brown macroalgae Cystoseіra barbata (Good. et Wood.) J. Ag. were studied for the first time. The changes in hormones contents during vegetation indirectly indicate possible role of gibberellins as a seaweed growth processes regulator and do not allow to consider the same role for cytokinins. Both hormones apparently participate in regulation of reproduction processes in C. barbata. The winter storm-cast seaweeds may be recommended for utilization as the sources of effective biologically active growth regulators due to high cytokinin and gibberellin concentrations in plants tissues in winter period.

 

Pasaylyuk M.V.

SESQUITERPENE LACTONES OF SELECTED MACROMYCETES

The content of sesquiterpene lactones in the fruit bodies of macromycetes from National Nature Park Hutsulshchyna was investigated. It was established that such species as Entoloma incanum, Clavulina cinerea, Panaeolus foenisecii, Russula grata and Hypholoma fasciculare are potentially significant as a source of sesquiterpene lactones. No any correlation between content of sesquiterpene lactones and trophic requirements, nutritional value or consistency of the carpophores was revealed. Accumulation of sequiterpene lactones in the mushrooms is species-specific.

 

Borsukevych L.M.

CURRENT STATE AND DEVELOPMENT TENDENCIES OF VEGETATION SCIENCE (FOLLOWING THE MATERIALS OF ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR VEGETATION SCIENCE, IAVS)

«Biodiversity and Vegetation: Patterns, Processes, Conservation» was a title of the 57-th Annual Symposium of the International Association for Vegetation Science (IAVS) held in Perth (Australia) in September 2014. The Kwongan Foundation established in 2006 for conservation of Australia’s biodiversity was a co-organizеr of the Symposium. The 57-th Annual Symposium of the International Association for Vegetation Science was dedicated to Professor David Goodall, who celebrated his 100th Anniversary earlier the same year. Participation of many young researchers from all over the world supported by the IAVS that gave them opportunity to come to remote Western Australia was the highlight of the Symposium. 270 scholars from 34 countries participated in the Symposium. There were 4 parallel sessions. The main topics of the sessions were: large-scale vegetation surveys, functional traits, diversity patterns and drivers, biodiversity and conservation, climate and assembly, syntaxonomy. Ecoinformatics and databases were one of the most important sessions, especially for participants from Europe.

Vegetation database compilation within the Europe started in March 1992, when phytosociologists from 15 European countries gathered in Rome to launch an initiative to encourage vegetation surveys at the European level. The mission of the working group (European Vegetation Survey shortly EVS) was to develop a more coherent picture of vegetation across Europe. Within the activities of the EVS, a survey of vegetation types in Europe was developed, starting at the highest level, at the phytosociological class, and then moving down to the level of alliances.

The recent survey shows that there are records of more than 4.300.000 vegetation plots in Europe, more than 1.800.000 of which are already computerized. From them, about 75% are stored in central databases, mostly of the national level, including 60% is in TURBOVEG format. The largest database in Europe is the European Vegetation Archive (EVA), which includes 553.228 reléves. These reléves could be located in the centralized pan-European database. Unfortunately, the N ational V egetation Database in Ukraine does not exist so far. Creation of such a database in Ukraine using the accepted in European countries software is a priority task.

Classification of different types of vegetation is also urgent nowadays in Europe. Several international projects on vegetation surveys started, including WetVegEurope, European Fen Vegetation, Floodplain Forest Database, European Forest Habitat Classification, Towards a Consistent Classification of European Grasslands.

Southwest Australia is a biodiversity hotspot that includes the Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub ecoregions of Western Australia. The region has a wet-winter and dry-summer Mediterranean climat, one of the five such regions in the world. Vegetation in the region is mainly woody, with no grasslands. Predominant vegetation types are Eucalyptus woodlands, Eucalyptus-dominated Mallee shrublands, and kwongan shrublands and heathlands, which correspond to the chaparral, matorral, and maquis found in other Mediterranean-type regions. The region has generally nutrient-poor sandy or lateritic soils, which has encouraged rich speciation of plants adapted to specific ecological niches.

 

 

№4 (2015)

Dubyna D.V., Ustymenko P.M.

КEY AREAS OF PERSPECTIVE ECOLOGICAL NETWORK IN FOREST-STEPPE OF UKRAINE: THE MAIN THREATS TO RARE PHYTOCENODIVERSITY

The authors justify creation of an ecological network in the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine. For this region, it is proposed to allocate 52 key areas at the national level and 78 key areas at the regional level. Their general characteristics by typological and coenotic features and quantitative composition of rare groups are provided. According to the research, the main threats to rar e phytocenoses on the selected key areas of the region were identified. These threats were divided into three groups: physical destruction, environmental changes and pollution. In the first group the leading factors are cutting, afforestation, overgrazing, fires and purposeful burning, plowing, quarrying, recreation and urbanization; in the second group – fragmentation of ecotypes and modification of habitats; in the third group – biological and municipal pollution. There are also threats of natural character. The article presents examples of their impact on rare plant communities (phytocenoses). It is concluded that implementation of the ecological network can minimiz e threats to the rar e phytocenoses and contribute to natural processes of their recovery and stabilization.

 

Makhynya L.M.

THE SYNTAXONOMY OF THE CLASS BIDENTETEA TRIPARTITAE OF THE DNIPRO RIVER VALLEY (WITHIN FOREST-STEPPE OF UKRAINE)

The article describes syntaxonomy of the class Bidentetea tripartitae Tüxen et al. ex von Rochow 1951 in the valley of the Dnipro River, which includes six associations of one order, Bidentetalia tripartitae Br.-Bl. et R. Tx. ex Klika et Hadač 1944, and two unions, Bidention tripartitae Nordhagen ex Klika et Hadač 1940 and Chenopodion rubri (Tüxen 1960) Hilbig et Jage 1972. The main factors determining their distribution within the valley are differences in relief, soil and hydrological regime. Cenoflora of the class includes 138 species that belong to 105 genera and 43 families. Diagnostic species of the class are: Lythrum salicaria L., Rorippa palustris (L.) Besser, Bidens cernua L., B. frondosa L., B. tripartita L., Polygonum hydropiper L., and P. persicaria L. High constancy is specific to species Bidens frondosa, B. tripartita, and Polygonum hydropiper. Its average level is typical for the species B. cernua, B. connata Muhl. ex Willd. and Juncus bufonius L. Low level is characteristic for Myosoton aquaticum (L.) Moench and diagnostic species of other classes, in particular Potentilla anserina (Plantaginetea majoris), Lycopus europaeus L. (Phragmito–Magno–Saricetea), Agrostis canina L. (Molinio–Arrhenatheretea), Atriplex prostrata DC. (Stellarietea mediae).

 

Ziman S.N., Shyian N.N., Bulakh E.V.

TYPES OF THE TAXA OF GENUS ACONITUM (RANUNCULACEAE) DESCRIBED FROM UKRAINE

The annotated list of the type specimens of 48 taxa of the genus Aconitum (Ranunculaceae) described from Ukraine is given. The following data for each taxa are provided: basionym, original nomenclatural citation; type specimen(s) with category indicated according to protologues (holo-, iso-, lecto-, ­syn-, paratypes, etc.); herbarium(a) at which the speciemen(s) is(are) deposited. In total 74 type specimens were found in the collections JE, HAL, HBG, Р, KW, KRAM, LE, LW, including 4 holotypes, 15 lectotypes, 2 isolectotypes, 1 iconotypus, 19 syntypes, 11 paratypes and 22 sp. authent. Lectotypes were designated for Aconitum besserianum Andrz. emend. Wissjul., A. fallacinum Błocki ex Kneuck., A. thyraicum Błocki ex Kneuck., A. odontandrum Wissjul., A. paniculatum Lam. var. podolicum Zapał., A. anthora L. var. tenuifolium Rogow., etc.

 

Shevera M.V., Májeková J., Zaliberová M., Protopopova V.V., Andrik E.J.

GERANIUM PURPUREUM (GERANIACEAE), A NEW ALIEN SPECIES OF THE FLORA OF UKRAINIAN PLAIN AREA

Data on floristic records of Geranium purpureum Vill. (Geraniaceae), a new alien species in the flora of Ukrainian plain area, are reported. Taxonomically the species is very close to G. robertianum L.; the main distinguishing features are: red colored stems over the entire length, thicker and less dissected leaves, with scattered adpressed hairs on both sides, petals half as much longer than sepals, rosy, about 10 mm long, yellow anthers, calyx 5-9 mm long, covered with short (to 0.5 mm) hairs or naked, triangular-ovate sepals, fruits with thicker transverse ridges, etc. The plants (over 100 individuals) were recorded around railway stations Batevo, Beregovo District and Uzhgorod in Transcarpathia Region. Brief morphological characteristics, chorological, ecological and coenotic peculiarities are given.

 

Boiko G.V., Kolomiychuk V.P.

ADDITION TO THE FLORA OF THE NORTHERN COAST OF THE SEA OF AZOV

New and uncommon for the northern coast of the Sea of Azov alien plant species (Alcea rosea L., Amaranthus hypochondriacus L., Artemisia annua L., Catalpa bignonioides Walter, Celtis occidentalis L., Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt., Datura inoxia Mill., Dryopteris cristata (L.) A. Gray, Gaillardia × grandiflora hort. ex Van Houtte, Grindellia squarrosa (Pursh.) Dunal, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch., Petrosedum  reflexum (L.) Grulich, Petunia × atkinsiana (Sweet) D. Don ex W.H. Baxter, Persica vulgaris Mill., Reynoutria japonica Houtt., Syringa vulgaris L., Vitis vinifera L., Xanthium ripicola Holub, Xanthoxalis corniculata (L.) Small) and a rare species (Glaucium flavum Crantz.) are reported. The characteristics of their habitats are provided.

 

Budzhak V.V., Chorney I.I., Tokaryuk A.I., Korotchenko I.A.

DISTRIBUTION OF WALDSTEINIA GEOIDES (ROSACEAE) IN UKRAINE

After processing literature data, herbarium materials (KW, LW, LWKS, CHER, KRAM) and results of our field surveys, a list of localities and a map of distribution of Waldsteinia geoides L. in Ukraine have been compiled. It has been found that of the 40 known localities of the species, over the past 30 years 20 sites have been documentally confirmed and 10 new localities have been revealed in Tlumach and Horodenka Districts of Ivano-Frankivsk Region. It is suggested that the historical dispersal of the species in the northeastern direction within the territory of Ukraine occurred by two migration routes: the valley of the Dniester River, which in the past has been a northward migration corridor for Submediterranean species to the Pokutya area, and the Pannonian route. The latter was used by W. geoides for its migration to the territory of Transcarpathia, while its further eastward migration was prevented by mountain ranges of the Carpathians.

 

Smolyar N.O., Smaglyuk O.Yu., Solomakha V.A.

NEW LOCALITIES OF TULIPA QUERCETORUM (LILIACEAE)IN THE MIDDLE DNIPRO AREA

The article provides information about the localities of Tulipa quercetorum Klokov & Zoz in Ukraine along the western border of its range, using the distribution data from the Middle Dnipro Area obtained in the original research as well as from published sources and herbarium. The ecological peculiarities of the new localities of Tulipa quercetorum in the downstream valley of the Sula River (Poltava Region) and in the valley of the Tyasmyn River (Cherkasy Region) are outlined, based on the descriptions of the vegetation in these habitats. Both local populations are associated with hornbeam-oak forests. The first one has a left-side ontogenetic spectrum and is characterized by a large abundance and density (up to 700 generative individuals per 0,3 ha). The second one has right-side ontogenetic spectrum (up to 50 senile individuals per 0,5 ha). The need to protect new localities of this rare species included into the Red Data Book of Ukraine (2009) is highlighted.

 

Popova O.M.

FINDS OF CEPHALANTHERA DAMASONIUM AND PLATANTHERA × HYBRIDA (ORCHIDACEAE) IN NATIONAL NATURE PARK TUZLOVSKI LIMANY, THE STATUS OF THEIR POPULATIONS AND CONSERVATION PERSPECTIVES

The first records of two species of orchids in the forest plan-tation on the Black Sea coast are reported. These are the southernmost locality of Cephalanthera damasonium (Mill.) Drucein Ukraine (except Crimea) and the first indication of Platanthera × hybrida Bruühher on the mainland of Ukraine. Population of C. damasonium consists of 115 plants; it has right-handed ontogenetic spectrum with predominance of generative individuals; according to the delta-оmega classification, it is adult, with depressive vitality structure. Generative plants form 4.3 ± 0.1 flowers per shoot. Population of P. × hybrida consists of 212 plants; it has right-handed ontogenetic spectrum with predominance of adult vegetative individuals; according to the delta-оmega classification, it is young, with depressive-equilibrium vitality structure. Generative plants form 16.7 ± 0.1 flowers per shoot. For preservation of С. damasonium, it is necessary to close recreation area; for protection of P. × hybrida, maintaining of the present state of the ecosystem is needed.

 

Melnyk V.I.

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION, HABITATS AND MODERN STATE OF POPULATIONS OF GOODYERA REPENS (ORCHIDACEAE) IN UKRAINE

Geographical distribution, ecological and coenotic conditions of habitats and modern state of populations of Goodyera repens (L.) R. Br. (Orchidaceae), a rare species included in the Red Data Book of Ukraine, were studied. This species in Ukraine occurs in the northern lowland part, mainly in Polissya, Carpathians and Crimean Mountains. In northern part of the Forest-Steppe zone G. repens has been found only in four localities. In all, in Ukraine G. repens is known from 89 localities, including 39 – from Polissya, 4 – from Forest-Steppe zone, 25 – from the Carpathian Mountains, 21 localities from Crimea. In Ukraine G. repens grows mainly in coniferous forests: in spruce and fir forests in the Ukrainian Carpathians, in spruce and Scotch pine forests in Ukrainian Polissya, in Crimean pine (Pinus pallasiana) forests in the Crimean mountains and in green moss synusias of coniferous-deciduous forests. The structure of G. repens populations depends on anthropogenic influence on habitats. Homeostatic populations with complete ontogenetic states prevail in anthropogenically undisturbed habitats. The anthropogenic factors (cutting, drainage, fire) cause destruction of age structure and entire elimination of populations. Occasionally G. repens forms large homeostatic populations in silvicultural spruce and Scotch pine forests. Proposals to impove protection of the G. repens populations in Ukraine are given.

 

Vlasiuk M.M.

CHLAMYDOMONAS S.L. (CHLOROPHYTA), THE GENUS DELIMITATION AND GENERIC DIAGNOSTIC FEATURES IN THE MODERN SENSE (LITERATURE REVIEW)

The detailed analysis of the current views on the genus Chlamydomonas, its history and species number based on classic taxonomic approachesis given in the article. The selection of nomenclature type and culture-epitype with subcultures is discussed. The basic classic approaches to infrageneric systematics and principles of species identification are analyzed. We provide a review on molecular phylogenetic system of Chlamydomonas and its difference from the traditional one as well as the ways how both approaches can be combined. The major molecular phylogenetic studies, on which a division of Volvocales algae into molecular clades is based according to the Code of phylogenetic nomenclature, are highlighted. We also provide in detail the main molecular phylogenetic systems and indicate a number of species of the genus Chlamydomonas covered by this study. The studies of monad algae features (including species of the genus Chlamydomonas) in immotile stage under culture condition are discussed. The features specific for immotile stage of chlamydomonads under culture condition are presented.

 

Petrichuk Yu., Pasaylyuk M.

NEW RECORDS OF THE FUNGI LISTED IN THE RED DATA BOOK OF UKRAINE FROM THE POKUTSKI CARPATHIANS

New localities of the fungi listed in the Red Data Book of Ukraine (Anthurus archeri  (Berk.) E. Fisch., Catathelasma imperіale (Quél.) Singer, Hericium coralloides (Scop.) Pers., and Polyporus umbellatus (Pers.) Fr.) were found in the Pokutski Carpathians. Most of findings are reported from National Nature Park Hutsulshchyna. However, population of C. imperiale was recorded outside the natural protected areas which rises a question about conservation status for this terrain. Localities of the fungi found in the surroundings of villages Kosmach, Baby, Horod and Khimchyn, where recreational activity is allowed and only forestry activities are limited, require additional protection measures.

 

Nedukha O.M.

CYTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF MONOLIGNOLS IN HYDROPHYTES LEAVES CELL WALLS

The comparative cytochemical analysis of the localization of monolignins (syringyl and guaiacyl) in epidermis, photosynthesizing parenchyma and wood vessels cell walls of submerged leaves of Myriophyllum spicatum L., Potamogeton pectinatus L. and P. perfoliatus L. was carried using laser scanning (confocal) microscopy. The images of quantitative distribution of syringyl and guaiacyl in the cell walls were obtained depending on the type of leaf tissue and plant species. Using PASCAL software, the increased content of monolignols was established in cell walls of xylem vessels and in interspaces between epidermal and parenchyma photosynthesizing cells. It was shown that certain polarity of S/G ratio in cells is characteristic for every species. The role of syringyl and guaiacyl in the cellular mechanisms of adaptation to natural water environment is discussed.

 

Al-Maali G.A.

THE INFLUENCE OF METAL CITRATES OBTAINED BY AQUANANOTECHNOLOGY ON GROWTH OF THE STRAINS OF MEDICAL MACROMYCETES GANODERMA LUCIDUM 1900 AND TRAMETES VERSICOLOR 353

The article presents results of the research on influence of different concentrations of metal citrate and sulfate (iron, copper, zinc and manganese) on the growth of medicinal macromycetes strains Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst 1900 and Trametes versicolor (L.) Lloyd 353. The strains are preserved in the Culture сollection of mushrooms of M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Concentrations of metal citrates, optimal for biomass accumulation, were determined for the studied strains. The highest biomass of T. versicolor 353 (8.6 g/L) was obtained in a medium with copper citrate, with a concentration of copper ions of 4 mg/L while the highest biomass of Ganoderma lucidum 1900 (9.9 g/L) was obtained in a medium with zinc citrate, with a concentration of zinc ions of 1 mg/L.

 

 

№5 (2015)

Didukh Ya.P., Chusova O.O., Olshevska I.A, Polishchuk Yu.V.

RIVER VALLEYS AS THE OBJECT OF ECOLOGICAL AND GEOBOTANICAL RESEARCH

The river valleys are characterized by high diversity of ecosystems, their originality, complex structure and dynamics. Changes in vertical displacements from the plain to channel in various parts of сatena, which can be seen as an intricate complex integrating coenoses formation, geomorphological and pedogenic processes, are very important. Plant communities serve as indicators of territorial and temporal changes. Combinations of the communities within the ecological series influenced by environmental factors are characterized as ‘ecomers’, which reflect the trends of ecosystem changes, i.e. β­coenodiversity. Quantitative assessment of these plant communities is possible based on the synphytoindication methodology. There were selected three model river valleys, namely, those of the Sluch, Dniester, and Krasna rivers. Comparison of these rivers is of a special interest because they have different dimensions and flow in different natural areas. The topological differentiation in ecological series of the river valleys served for comparison of the ‘ecomers’, i.e. for assessment of β­coenodiversity differentiation towards changes of leading ecological factors.

 

Krasova O.O., Shevchuk N.Y., Korshykov I.I.

FLORISTIC AND COENOTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF STEPPE MONITORING SITES IN THE SOUTHERN PART OF KRYVYI RIH AREA

We performed the structural and comparative analysis of flora and established coenotic composition of vegetation at five monitoring sites (of which one is under 40­year long regime of absolute reservation) in the southern part of Kryvyi Rih area. The highest indices of specific and coenotic diversity (including rarity one) are characteristic to the territories under temperate anthropogenic influence. The regime of absolute reservation at the site «Stepok Landmark» resulted in decrease of rarity component of phytodiversity.

 

Feodorova T.A.

NEW NOMENCLATURAL COMBINATIONS IN NITROSALSOLA (CHENOPODIACEAE)

Thirty­two new nomenclatural combinations are validated in the genus Nitrosalsola Tzvelev (Chenopodiaceae). The genus, as newly outlined, contains both annual and perennial (shrubs and subshrubs) species earlier treated in some infrageneric groups of Salsola L. s. l., or recently transferred to Caroxylon Thunb. The new circumscription of Nitrosalsola, its morphological characters, and the need for its segregation from Caroxylon are briefly discussed.

 

Yavnyuk A.A., Shevtsova N.L., Hudkov D.Y.

ASSESSMENT OF ADDITIONAL IONIZING RADIATION IMPACT ON MORPHOMETRIC INDICES OF SEED GERMS OF PHRAGMITES AUSTRALIS FROM WATER BODIES OF THE CHORNOBYL EXCLUSION ZONE

The present paper deals with the research results of 25, 75 and 150 Gy additional acute ionizing radiation impact on growth processes of seed germs of the common reed, Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. & Steud, in conditions of long­term ionizing radiation impact in water bodies of the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone. Linear indexes of leaf and root length of the germs were analyzed. It is shown that additional acute irradiation leads to inhibition of leaf and root growth of the common reed seed germs. It is probably connected with high radiosensitivity of physiological processes during early ontogenesis of acutely low­dose irradiated plants.

 

Fedoronchuk М.М., Didukh Ya.P., Belemets N.М.

THE LOCUS CLASSICUS POPULATION OF A RARE SPECIES, SPIRAEA PIKOVIENSIS (ROSACEAE), AND ITS ECOLOGICAL­COENOTIC CHARACTERISTICS.

A population of Spiraea pikoviensis Besser on a small (0.5 ha) forest glade near village Pykov, Kalynovka District, Vinnytsia Region, where A. Andrzhejowski in 1816 collected a specimen of this species described by W. Besser in 1822, was observed. Based on the methodology of sinphytoindication, the modern state of the micropopulation is described and the ecological­coenotic growing conditions are evaluated. According to the IUCN classification, this species belongs to the CR (Critically Endangered) category due to high risk of the habitat destruction and population loss. Conservation measures for the population and species restoration are proposed.

 

Popova O.M., Rogosin S.Ju.

NEW LOCALITY OF A RARE SPECIES IRIS PONTICA (IRIDACEAE) ONTHE BLACK SEA LOWLAND AND THE STATUS OF ITS POPULATION

A new locality of Iris pontica Zapał. listed in the Red Data Book of Ukraine was found in Berezovsky District, Odessa Region. It is located within the Black Sea Lowland and is the southernmost one in the area between the Dniester and the Dnieper Rivers. The population occupies an area of about 90 m2. It is a part of the forbs­fescue plant association, which consists of 58 species of flowering plants from 22 families, including five species from the Red Data Book of Ukraine. The phytocoenosis is of a low level of synanthropization. Population is formed by 37 clumps, their size varies from 15 to 90 cm in diameter (on average 50­60 cm). It was revealed that rejuvenation of the clones begins simultaneously with particulation and this process intensifies in aged clones. At the age spectrum,  population is found to be normal and  typical for the plants with large life­cycle and indefinitely long ontogeny. Despite antropogenic influence, the population is in a satisfactory state.

 

Iakushenko D.M., Orlov O.O.

NEW RECORDS OF UTRICULARIA AUSTRALIS (LENTIBULARIACEAE) IN UKRAINE

The data about the first findings of Utriculariaaustralis in Ukrainian Polissia (Zhytomyr Region) are given in the paper. Ecological and coenotic patterns of this species for the new locations are presented. Species localities were represented by small artificial reservoirs in clay, peat and granite quarries as well as ponds. It was revealed that Utriculariaaustralis grew in four floristic associations: Utricularietum australis Müller et Görs 1960, Nitelletum mucronatae Corillion et Guerlesquin 1972, Equiseto fluviatilis­Caricetum rostratae Zumpfe 1929, Equisetetum fluviatilis Nowiński 1930. For the first time in Ukraine, the association Utricularietumaustralisis reported and its characteristic is given.

 

Makarenko Ya.M., Besedina I.S.

RARE FOR UKRAINE SPECIES OF AGARICUS (AGARICALES) FROM THE PSYOL RIVER BASIN

Information on distribution of eight rare species of the genus Agaricus (A. cupreobrunneus, A. litoralis, A. macrocarpus, A. osecanus, A. porphyrocephalus, A. pseudopratensis, A. silvaticus, and A. tabularis) in the Psyol River basin (Left­Bank Forest­Steppe of Ukraine, Poltava Region) is reported. Five of them (A. litoralis, A. osecanus, A. porphyrocephalus, A. pseudopratensis, and A. tabularis) are new for the Left­Bank Forest­Steppe.

 

Kondratyuk T.O.

PECULIARITIES OF GROWTH OF A DARK PIGMENTED YEAST ­ LIKE FUNGUS PSEUDONADSONIELLA BRUNNEA (MERIPILACEAE, BASIDIOMYCOTA) ON VARIOUS NUTRIENT MEDIA

Peculiarities of the growth of a dark pigmented yeast­like fungus, Pseudonadsoniellabrunnea,on 32 nutrient media (11 solid, 3 semisolid and 18 liquid ones) are characterized. The most optimal media for this fungus found to be Saburo agar, Saburo agar with 10 % sucrose solution, original medium with rolled oats, bran and 10 % sucrose solution, pieces of raw potato with and without 10 % sucrose solution, modified glucose peptone­yeast medium, peptone water with glucose, beef­extract [meat infusion] broth with glucose and gelatin. Acidic media (pH = 3–4) are the most optimal for P. brunnea growth.

 

Khodosovtsev A.Ye., Darmostuk V.V., Gromakova A.B.

JAPEWIA (RAMALINACEAE, ASCOMYCOTA), A NEW GENUS FOR THE LICHEN BIOTA OF UKRAINE

The genus Japewia is reported from Gorgany Nature Reserve as a new for Ukraine. The description, localities in Ukraine, ecology and distribution data for Japewia subauriferaare provided. The lichen grows on a bark of Picea abies above 1200 m alt. and is characterized by crustose sterile thallus with rounded to diffuse soralia, brownish external soredia and yellow­greenish internal soredia.

 

Klymenko E.N.

ULTRASTRUCTURE OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC APPARATUS AND PIGMENT CONTENT OF FLOATING AND SUBMERGED LEAVES OF NUPHAR LUTEA AND NYMPHAEA ALBA

The leaf mesophyll cells ultrastructure and pigment content of heterophyllous aquatic plants Nuphar lutea (L.) Smith. and Nymphaea alba L. are reported. The ultrastructural differences of submerged and floating leaves were determined. Submerged leaf chloroplasts are located along the periclinal cell walls. They have significantly greater linear dimensions, contain grana with a large number of thylakoids, and have greater partial volume of photosynthetic membranes. The difference in the content of pigments in leaves was demonstrated: submerged leaves had the highest content of chlorophyll and carotenoids per unit of dry weight; floating leaves had the lowest one. The opposite trend was observed in the content of pigments per unit area. Based on the analysis of the obtained data and the literature data on the plasticity of the photosynthetic apparatus of plants, a model of underwater leaves adaptation to the aquatic environment was proposed.

 

Kalashnyk H.V., Gajdarzhy M.M.

EPIDERMIS CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SEEDLINGS OF THE CACTOIDEAE (CACTACEAE) PLANTS

The objective of our investigation was to search the epidermis of Cactoideae Eaton seedlings and to compare characteristics of epidermis in different parts of the plant (hypocotyl аnd stem). We researched the 3­month old seedlings of ten cacti species. The epidermis characteristics of the stem and hypocotyl, such as number of epidermis cells per mm2, size of epidermis cells, number of stomata per mm2, size of stomata and stomatal index, were studied. It is demonstrated that the epidermis cells have a large size, and the size of these cells in the hypocotyl is significantly larger than that in the stem. Their projections and forms in different parts of the stem are also different. The paracytic type stomata are large. They are much more abundant in the stem than in the hypocotyls; the differences in the size of stomata are also observed. Thus the studied quantitative and qualitative epidermis characteristics significantly vary not only in members of different species, but also in different parts of the same plant (stem and hypocotyl). It is demonstrated that at the early stages of ontogeny, the epidermis develops towards increasing its xeromorphic basic features.

 

Fedorchuk V.V., Yemets A.I.

THE INFLUENCE OF PROTEIN TYROSINE PHOSPHATASE INHIBITOR, SODIUM ORTOVANADATE, ON AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION OF PLANTS

The effect of different concentrations of protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, sodium ortovanadate, on the frequency of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of leaf explants of N. tabacum was described for the first time. The influence of different concentrations of sodium ortovanadate in the range from 0.5 to 250 µM was investigated. It was found that inhibitor concentrations of 200 and 250 µM provoked the increase of the frequency of agrobacterial transformation of tobacco leaf on 10 and 19 %, respectively, after 24 h of co­cultivation. Increasing of co­cultivation period to 48 h at the same inhibitor concentrations led to an increase in the frequency of transformation on 30 and 40 %, respectively, when compared to control. The presence of the gus gene in the genome of N. tabacum plants after transformation was confirmed by molecular genetic analysis.

 

Chubirko M.M.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF CYTOLOGICAL AND EMBRIOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN UZHHOROD UNIVERSITY (ON THE 70th ANNIVERSARY OF UZHHOROD NATIONAL UNIVERSITY)

A brief rewiev on the development of cytological and embriological investigations at the Department of Botany of Uzhhorod National University is presented. A short retrospective analysis is focused on the development stages of the Department and leading scientists of the University.

 

 

№6 (2015)

Dubyna D.V., Dziuba T.P., Davydov D.A., Iemelianova S.M.

CONTEMPORARY STATUS OF SYNTAXONOMY AND CURRENT TASKS OF THE RESEARCH ON PIONEER VEGETATION IN UKRAINE

The paper presents a short history of syntaxonomical investigation of the pioneer vegetation in Ukraine. Peculiarities of its composition and factors of territorial differentiation as well as actual tasks of further research are considered. It is defined that in Ukraine the pioneer vegetation covers communities of 76 associations belonging to 13 alliances, 10 orders and 9 classes. This vegetation is represented by communities of salted maritime and land ecotopes (Thero­Salicornietea and Crypsidetea aculeatae classes), sea beaches and cliffs (Crithmo­Staticeteа), seaside­dune ecosystems (Аmmоphiletea and Cakiletea maritimae), coastal parts of continental reservoirs and watercourses ( Isцeto­Nano­Juncetea and Bidentetea tripartitae), sands and sandy steppes (Koelerio­Corynephoretea and Festucetea vaginatae). Middle European level of coenotic wealth is typical for all classes, except Koelerio­Corynephoretea demonstrating lower level. The following factors of territorial and ecological differentiation causing coenotic richness have been established: habitat relief, duration of onset inundation, salt degree of soils and their composition (for the Thero­Salicornietea and Crypsidetea aculeatae classes); humidification degree and soil salinization (for Crithmo­Staticeteа); intensity of abrasive­accumulation sea activity, substrate type and density (for Аmmоphiletea); intensity of abrasive­accumulation sea activity, type and density of soil cover, content of nitrogen compounds (for Cakiletea maritimae), relief character of pioneer ecotopes, soil composition and degree of aeration, level of groundwater (for Isцeto­Nano­Juncetea); soil composition and duration of surface inundation (for Bidentetea tripartitae), habitat relief and composition peculiarities, in particular reaction of soil solution (for Koelerio­Corynephoretea); relief character, soil type, humusness level, its density, as well as degree of eolic process development (for Festucetea vaginatae).

It is noted that up to now only syntaxonomical inventory of pioneer vegetation in Ukraine has been more fully implemented. It is also emphasized that pioneer vegetation in Ukraine is quite transformed and requires protection measures including establishment of new nature conservation areas and environmental restoration. Conditions and some ways of implementation of the suggested and other tasks in conservation of pioneer vegetation are indicated.

 

Fedoronchuk M.M.

SYSTEM OF THE FAMILY СARYOPHYLLACEAE IN THE UKRAINIAN FLORA. 1. SUBFAMILIES POLYCARPOIDEAE, PARONYCHIOIDEAE, ALSINOIDEAE

Brief information on the centers of species diversity and phylogenetic connections in the family Сaryophyllaceae is reported. According to new data and generalized information on taxonomical diversity, a system of Сaryophyllaceae of Ukraine (subfamilies Polycarpoideae Tanfan., Paronychioideae Vierh., Alsinoideae A. Braun) is proposed. The type and nomenclature citation for superspecies taxa and main synonyms for species are presented. For genera and species, the Ukrainian names are also given.

 

Bezsmertna O.O., Sokolenko O.A., Peregrym M.M.

A FIND OF MARSILEA QUADRIFOLIA L. (MARSILEACEAE) IN KYIV REGION

A find of Marsilea quadrifolia L. (Marsileaceae) in two localities in Kozynskyi reserve, within the Kozynka River valley near Kozyn village, Obukhiv District, Kyiv Region is reported. Features of the species habitat are described. Natural or anthropogenic origin of the new localities of M. quadrifolia is considered. Possible consequences of introduction of the plant species widely used in aquariums into natural habitat are discussed.

 

Lobachevska O.V., Boiko I.V.

MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ADAPTATION OF THE MOSSES FUNARIA HYGROMETRICA AND BRACHYTHECIUM GLAREOSUM (BRYOPHYTA) TO PERIODIC DESICCATION

The features of morphological and physiological adaptation of the mosses Funaria hygrometrica Hedw. and Brachythecium glareosum (Bruch ex Spruce) Schimp. to periodic drying under controlled conditions are determined. The increase in chlorophyll b and carotenoids content, improving the strength of pigment­protein complexes, indicates their important role in protecting the photosynthetic system under drying conditions. Desiccation tolerance can be induced both by long­ and short­term drying, as indicated by increased synthesis of metabolically active substances. It was found that the periodic long­term drying significantly accelerates the recovery of vital functions of moss turfs, probably due to gradual hardening of the plants.

 

Kyyak N.Ya., Khorkavtsiv Ya.D.

ADAPTATION OF THE BRYOPHYTES TO WATER DEFICIT IN THE DUMP AREA AT SULFUR DEPOSIT SITES

The article presents results of the investigations of adaptive reactions of the bryophytes with different sensitivity to water deficit, Bryum argenteum and Amblystegium serpens, in the dump area of sulfur deposits. Under the unfavorable hydrothermical conditions, an increase of total antioxidant activity of low­molecular antioxidants in the moss shoots, as well as accumulation of osmotically active substances, soluble carbohydrates, and free proline, were found. It was established that more tolerant to water stress plants of Bryum argenteum have considerably higher plasticity of the osmotically regulated system components and antioxidant activity during the vegetative season. It was shown that epigenetic systems can be involved in adaptation to water stress.

 

Kondratyuk S.Y., Kim J.A., Yu N.-H., Jeong M.-H., Jang S.H., Kondratiuk A.S., Zarei-Darki B., Hur J.-S.

ZEROVIELLA, A NEW GENUS OF XANTHORIOID LICHENS (TELOSCHISTACEAE, ASCOMYCOTA) PROVED BY THREE GENE PHYLOGENY

A new genus, Zeroviella S.Y. Kondr. & J.-S. Hur (Xanthorioideae, Teloschistaceae) for the widely distributed in the Palearctic Rusavskia papillifera -group is proposed on the basis of a combined phylogenetic data set based on ITS and LSU nrDNA and 12S SSU mtDNA sequences. A new species from Palearctic, Zeroviella esfahanensis S.Y. Kondr., B. Zarei-Darki & J.S. Hur, is described, illustrated and compared with closely related taxa. Seven new combinations for the genus Zeroviella ( Zeroviella coreana (S.Y. Kondr. & J.-S. Hur) S.Y. Kondr. & J.-S. Hur, Z. digitata (S.Y. Kondr.) S.Y. Kondr. & J.-S. Hur, Z. domogledensis (Vězda) S.Y. Kondr. & J.-S. Hur, Z. laxa (Mull. Arg.) S.Y. Kondr. & J.-S. Hur, Z. mandschurica (A. Zahlbr.) S.Y. Kondr. & J.-S. Hur, Z. papillifera (Vain.) S.Y. Kondr. & J.-S. Hur, and Z. ussurica (S.Y. Kondr. & J.-S. Hur) S.Y. Kondr. & J.-S. Hur) are proposed. Additionally, seven new combinations for various genera of the Teloschistaceae (i.e.: Blastenia catalinae (H. Magn.) E.D. Rudolf, Fulgogasparrea brouardii (B. de Lesd.) S.Y. Kondr., Scythioria duritzii (H. Magn.) S.Y. Kondr., Scythioria flavogranulosa (Arup) S.Y. Kondr., Sirenophila cliffwetmorei (S.Y. Kondr. & Karnefelt) S.Y. Kondr., Squamulea nesodes (Poelt & Nimis) S.Y. Kondr., and Villophora microphyllina (Tuck.) S.Y. Kondr.) are proposed.

 

Pirogov M.V.

CLYPEOCOCCUM CETRARIAE (DACAMPIACEAE, ASCOMYCOTA) IN THE UKRAINIAN CARPATHIANS

Clypeococcum cetrariae Hafellner is a new species for biota of Ukraine. The specimens of Cetraria islandica (L.) Ach. infected by this fungus were collected in the Chornohora Mts. (Eastern Carpathians, Ukraine). Clypeococcum cetrariae is a little known species of lichenicolous fungi in the world, therefore in the paper a description of this species and figures are given. A key to Clypeococcum D. Hawksw. species is also provided.

 

Khorkavtsiv Y.D., Kordyum E.L., Lobachevska O.V., Kyyak N.Y., Kit N.A.

BRANCHING OF CERATODON PURPUREUS PROTONEMATA EFFECTED UNDER ALTERED GRAVITY CONDITIONS

The results of studying the gravisensitivity of protonemata branches in Ceratodon purpureus (Brid.) Hedw. moss, a setpoint angle of which changed depending on a gravity vector and a gradient of auxin distribution, are presented. The suppression of auxin polar transport under  the N 1 naphthyl­phthalamic acid (NPA) action caused the counteraction against gravity up to plagiotropic growth of lateral branches. A nucleus plays an active role in protonemata branching; its migration to the new growth area accelerated by the polarizing of gravity. It was established that coordination of growth and division processes were disrupted by gravity, but proliferative activity did not change. A local activation of microtubules preceded to the initiation of branching. MTs surrounded the nucleus during its migration, realizing the signaling and transport functions.

 

Shcherbachenko O.I., Rabyk I.V., Lobachevska О.V.

ROLE OF BRYOPHYTES IN RENATURALIZATION OF THE DEVASTATED AREAS OF NEMYRIV SULFUR DEPOSIT (LVIV REGION)

The obtained results suggest the positive role of pioneer species of mosses in improvement of edaphotope conditions in the area of underground sulfur melting. The importance of a dominant species, Dicranella cerviculata, as the initiator of embryonic development of humus horizon on technogenic substrates, is highlighted. The dependence of the level of organic carbon accumulation in the moss litter on the dead biomass of D. cerviculata and edaphotope conditions (pH and humidity) was detected. In addition, it was found that conditions under the bryophyte cover are favorable for the development of soil biota and, consequently, for the restoration of plant cover, mostly due to higher humidity, the organic carbon content and decreased acidity of the technogenic substrate. Thus, evaluation of mosses in the area of sulfur underground meltings demonstrates the important role of these plants in restoration of technogenic landscapes of sulfur deposits.

 

Horiunova I.I., Yemets A.I., Blume Y.B.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF NICKEL AND CADMIUM ON THE ORGANIZATION OF MICROTUBULES IN THE CELLS OF THE ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA PRIMARY ROOTS

The influence of the most toxic heavy metals, nickel (Ni2+) and cadmium (Cd2+), on the intravital organization of microtubules in various types of Arabidоpsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. root cells was investigated using laser scanning microscopy. To visualize the microtubules in vivo, the Arabidopsis line that expresses chimeric gene gfp­map4 was used. It was shown that Ni2+ and Cd2+ break the organization and orientation of microtubules in cells, leading to morphological changes of the root, as the main body of the plant, the first to be intoxicated by soil pollutants. It was found that the most sensitive to the effect of cadmium and nickel are microtubules of the cell division zones and transition zone of A. thaliana root. Cadmium has the strongest toxic effect which causes changes in microtubule organization of meristematic cells, cortex cells of the elongation zone and differentiation zone.

 

Partyka L.Y.

ACADEMICIAN DMYTRO K. ZEROV (120TH ANNIVERSARY OF HIS BIRTH)

The article presents an extensive review of scientific and organizational activities of an outstanding florist and taxonomist, Academician of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, D.K. Zerov. In rich heritage of the scientist, the author highlights his fundamental research on sphagnum mosses and liverworts. During 1921-1923, as a researcher of the Commission for study of spore plants D.K. Zerov explores sphagnum mosses not only in Ukraine, but also in other regions of the USSR. He developed a typology of swamps and identified the main phases of their development. The results helped to clarify the genesis of Ukrainian wetlands, establish the patterns of vegetation dynamics under the influence of reclamation. D.K. Zerov was a founder of wetlands science in Ukraine. The scientist is also known for his fruitful research in paleobotany and phytogeography. In his publications on pollen analysis, he addressed the issues of formation and development conditions of sphagnum bogs Ukraine, as well as the main features of the post-glacial vegetation since glacial maximum period. In 1963, at the Institute of Botany a Department of history of flora and paleobotany was established and led by D.K. Zerov. The scientist also founded Briological Herbarium of the Institute. Since 1946 and throughout 17 years, D.K. Zerov was a Director of the Institute of Botany of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, which under his leadership has grown into a leading center of botanical science in Ukraine. A giant of erudition, a brilliant scientist, an outstanding educator, a man of deep intelligence and noble soul – this is how one can see D.K. Zerov in the review.

 

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