2011 (№1   №2   №3   №4   №5   №6)

№1

Shelyag-Sosonko Yu. R.
BIODIVERSITY, SCIENCE AND SOCIETY
The biodiversity problem is analyzed which is currently regarded as number one in importance, complexity and urgency. However, despite its decisive role for the future of humanity, under current conditions in politics, ideology, economics and morality it cannot be solved. Major risks are multinational corporations ignoring demands of sustainable development important for biosphere in pursuit of economic prosperity on a global scale. S. Freud explained that society culture is based on two key points: possession of natural resources and individual desires without restriction.
It is emphasized that the basic problem is to change current ideology, politics, economics and to refuse divison of the countries into three groups. Materia does not exist without a form as any subject is self-realizing through its form. If self-realization is based not on natural laws but on interests of certain social groups, it will cause death of 2-3 billion people. Crucial role in solving the problem belong to scientists. The suggested scheme for the dead end development of the world community had negative impact upon the culture and science progress. Unfortunately, this process speeds up and involves growing number of countries.

N.M. Shiyan

GENUS PAEONIA (PAEONIACEAE) IN THE UKRAINIAN FLORA

The species variety within the genus Paeonia (Paeoniaceae) in the flora of Ukraine was studied including native and cultivated species. There are two species in the native flora (Paeoniadaurica Andrews, P. tenuifolia L.) and seven cultivated species (P. anomala L., P. caucasica (Schipcz.) Schipcz., P. delaveaya Franch., P. hybrida Pall., P. mascula (L.) Miller, P. lactiflora Pall., P. peregrina Miller.). Synopsis of the Paeonia species in the Ukrainian flora is presented, with an electronic list of the examined herbarium specimens from CHER, CWU, DZN, KW, KWHA, LW, LWKS, MSUD. Identification key for the Paeonia species is provided.

Z.M. Tsymbalyuk
COMPARATIVE PALYNOMORPHOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF SOME GENERA OF THE OROBANCHACEAE IN THE FLORA OF UKRAINE
Pollen morphology of 18 species from 7 genera of Rhinantheae was studied under the light and scanning electron microscopy. Pollen grains of 11 species are described in detail for the first time. Pollen grains of the studied species are 3-colpate, prolate, spheroidal and oblate-spheroidal, medium-size. Six types of sculpture are identified: rugulate, rugulate-foveolate, implecto-microreticulate, granulate-tuberculate-perforate, pilate and retipilate. Pattern of exine surface, colpi structure and colpate membrane sculpture are the most important species- and genus-specific features.
The genera Rhinanthus, Odontites and Orthantha are similar in morphology of pollen grains. The palynomorphological data support including Odontites glutinosain separate genus. There is certain similarity and difference between pollen grains of the Lathraea, Bartsia and Cymbochasmain the characters of the exine and colpate membrane surface. The genus Tozzia has a different sculpture surface.

I.M. Danylyk, L.M. Borsukevych

NEW FINDING OF OPHRYS APIFERA HUDS. (ORCHIDACEAE) IN  UKRAINE

A new locality for rare orchid species Ophrys apifera Huds. (Orchidaceae Juss.) is reported. It was discovered on the territory of Rogatynske Opillya (Western Podillya), near village Vodnyky, Ivano-Frankivsk Region, in summer 2010. Relevant nomenclatural citations for the species are provided. Information about its geographical distribution and ecological-coenotic features of the locality at the north-eastern border of the range are given. It is regarded as a relic locality. Migration ways for O. apifera are suggested.

O.M. Optasyuk, I.A. Korotchenko
ECOLOGICAL-COENOTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS LINUM L. IN THE FLORA OF UKRAINE
Results of the study on ecological-cenotic characteristics of species of the genus Linum in Ukraine are presented. Most species have wide ecological amplitude regarding principal environmental factors. They are predominantly heliophites, hemihydrocontrastophiles, neutrophiles, eutrophs, hemicarbonatophiles, heminitrophiles, subaerophiles. Coenotically most of the species are asectators, occasionally subdominants, confined mainly to steppe ecotopes. L. austriacum and L. catharticum are characterized by wide coenotic amplitude. L. ucranicum, L. czernjaevii and others grow exclusively in communities of the Festuco-Brometea class.

U.M. Alioshkina
THE DISTRIBUTION AND CHARACTERISTIC OF RARE HABITATS IN KYIV
The phytosociological aspects of rare habitats in Kyiv and schematic maps of their distribution are given in the article. Rare habitats are chosen according to the European conservation documents, Council of Europe Bern Convention Res. No. 4 1996, EU Habitats Directive Annex I as well as according to Green Book of Ukraine (2009).

L.N. Bukhtiyarova
BACILLARIOPHYTA OF THE RIGHT-BANK FOREST-STEPPE OF UKRAINE. I. SOUTH-PRYDNIPROVSKA AND SOUTH-PODILSKA HIGHLAND PROVINCES
A preliminary inventory of Bacillariophyta within two physical-geographic provinces of the Right-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine was done. A general list consists of 38 genera and 93 species (94 varieties including species type varieties). Among them 17 species are new for the Forest-steppe zone of Ukraine and 28 — for the Right-bank Forest-steppe. 71 diatom species from 30 genera were recorded for South-Prydniprovska highland province and 62 species (63 varieties including species type ones) from 31 genera — for South-Podilska highland province. Four rare species for Ukraine are recorded: Navicula cryptotenelloides, N. erifuga, N. gottlandica, Gomphonema helveticum. At present  species composition of Bacillariophyta is found to be different in these provinces. Species composition for the same types of water bodies within each province as well as complexes of the most common species have also low similarity. Significant number of fresh-brackish species and indicators of б-mesosaprobous and polysaprobous zones are recorded.

O.V. Borysova, G.A. Chorna
CONTRIBUTION TO FLORA AND SYNTAXONOMY OF UKRAINIAN CHAROPHYTES
Results of the research on charophytes (Charales) in the Forest-steppe zone of Ukraine represented by swamp landscapes are given. The studied water bodies were ponds, land-improvement canals, drains, bog-hollows, open pits, bays of rivers, etc. Six species of Charales from genera Chara L. (Ch. aculeolata Kьtz. in Rchb., Ch. aspera Dethard. ex Willd., Ch. fragilis Desv. in Loisel., Ch. tenuispina A. Braun, Ch. Vulgaris L.) and Nitella C. Agardh (N. mucronata (A. Braun) Miq. in H.C. Hall) were found. They formed communities of the class Charetea F. Fukarek ex Krausch 1964. Distribution of the charophyte species and their communities are characterised. The associations Charetum tenuispinae Dambska 1966 ex Tomaszewicz 1979, Charetum vulgaris Corillion 1957 and Nitelletum mucronatae Tomaszewicz 1979 are recorded in Ukraine for the first time.

V.I. Scherbak, N.Ye. Semeniuk

PHYTOPLANKTON IN WATER-BODIES OF MEGAPOLICE

The paper considers main peculiarities of phytoplankton in water-bodies of megapolices (Kyiv, Saint-Petersburg, Nizhni Novgorod etc.) compared to natural ones. The phytoplankton in water-bodies of megapolices is characterized by significant part of Euglenophyta in floristic spectrum, high biomass production and its considerable variability, maximum species diversity within the biomass range of 10–20 g/m³.

A.N. Ivanenko
APHYLLOPHOROID FUNGI OF THE FOREST HOLOSIIVSKY (KYIV)
This work presents data of the research on aphyllophoroid fungi in the forest Holosiivsky. Altogether 64 species of wood-destroying fungi from 44 genera, 18 families and 7 orders are recorded. 31 species are found to be new for the National Nature Park «Holosiivsky» and 9 species – for the Right-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine.

K.G. Savchenko, V.P. Heluta, V.V. Dzhagan
NEW RECORDS OF RARE SMUT FUNGUS MICROBOTRYUM HOLOSTEI (DE BARY) VANKY (MICROBOTRYOMYCETES) IN UKRAINE
Two new records of the smut fungus Microbotryum holostei (de Bary) Vanky are reported. The specimens were found in southern Ukraine in spring 2009,  one in Kherson region (The Black Sea Biosphere Reserve) and another  in Crimea (Karadagh Nature Reserve). Information on the distribution in Ukraine, species description and illustrations are given.

M.V. Pirogov
NECTRIOPSIS RUBEFACIENS (ELLIS & EVERH.) M.S. COLE & D. HAWKSW. (BIONECTRIACEAE) — NEW SPECIES OF LICHENICOLOUS FUNGUS FOR UKRAINE
Data on new for Ukraine lichenicolous fungus — Nectriopsis rubefaciens (Ellis & Everh.) M.S. Cole & D. Hawksw. are reported. It was collected in Ukrainian Roztochya (Lviv region, Yavoriv district).

Yu.Ya. Tykhonenko
FIRST RECORD OF THE RUST FUNGUS MELAMPSORIDIUM HIRATSUKANUM S. ITO IN UKRAINE
On 26 of August 2010 a new for Ukraine rust fungus Melampsoridium hiratsukanum was recorded on grey alder Alnusincana L. in Gorgany Nature Reserve (N 48°29', E 24°16'). It differs from other species of the genus Melampsoridium Kleb. which have been reported to infect alders in having longer ostiolar cells of the uredinia, less elongate urediniospores and in the absence of a smooth area in their apical region.

I.I. Korshikov, D.Y. Podgornyi, L.A.Kalafat, Ya.V. Pirko
TAXONOMIC STATUS PINUS KOCHIANA KLOTZSCH. EX KOCH FROM MOUNTAIN CRIMEA ON DATA COMPARATIVE POPULATION AND GENETIC RESEARCH TO PINUS SYLVESTRIS L.
The genetic similarities and differences using 20 allozyme loci have been studied in four populations of Pinus kochiana Klotzsch. ex Koch from Mountain Crimea and 18 populations of Pinus sylvestris L. from steppe and forest steppe zones, Polesie, Roztochiye and the Ukrainian Carpathians. It has been determined that the coefficient of Nei’s genetic distance of the populations P. kochiana most different from the relict populations of P. sylvestris the Ukrainian Carpathians (DN = 0,021). However population and genetic differences between P. kochiana and P. sylvestris does not go beyond the interpopulation variation of P. sylvestris, that calls into question the status of the species P. kochiana.

№2 (2011)

M.M.Fedoronchuk
THE CHROMOSOME NUMBERS AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE FOR SYSTEMATICS OF CARYOPHYLLACEAE JUSS.
Data on chromosome numbers of the Caryophyllaceae species was summarized. It was established that the main chromosome numbers of the Caryophyllaceae family are x = 5, 7, 9–19. The most common is x = 9; it is considered to be initial for the family. The chromosome numbers' diversity and widely represented polyploidy distinguish the Caryophyllaceae family among other families of the Caryophyllales order.

M.V. Velychko, V.I. Stefanik, I.I. Chorney, V.V. Budzhak
THE PROCESS OF SPECIATION BY POLYPLOIDY AS A PATHWAY FOR ADAPTATION OF PLANTS
The role of polyploidy in the evolution of flowering plants is described. The species genesis in vascular plants capable of evolutionary transformations by means of polyploidization is analysed. The cyclic scheme for the genesis of polyploid taxa is proposed. The main point is that in the process of speciation  the species aggregates (complexes) able to generate polyploid plants probably undergo a series of ploidy changes including, due to karyotype features, the phenomenon of reproductive isolation (apomyxis). As a result, a new diploid species complex is originated by diploidization of a polyploid.

D.A. Davydov
NEW RECORDS FOR THE FOREST FLORA OF THE ROMNY-POLTAVA GEOBOTANICAL DISTRICT
Results of floristic investigation in the forests of Romny-Poltava geobotanical district are provided. Thirteen plant species are reported in the article. Five of them were known from old literature sources and eight are new species for the district’s forests. The most interesting are localities of relic plants (Securigeraelegans, Carexbrevicollis) and alien species (Senecioviscosus, Sedumrupestre). Several protected areas for the found populations are proposed.

L.M. Borsukevych, K.M. Danylyuk

SPIRANTHES SPIRALIS (L.) CHEVALL. (ORCHIDACEAE JUSS.) IN THE GORGANY MTS (THE UKRAINIAN CARPATHIANS)

Twonew localities of Spiranthesspiralis (L.) Chevall. (Orchidaceae Juss.) in the Gorgany Mts (the Ukrainian Carpathians) are reported. The species was found in Dora and Yaremche (Ivano-Frankivsk Region, Nadvirna District) in August 2010.

B.O. Baranovsky
SECOND RECORD OF RUPPIA MARITIMA L. (RUPPIACEAE) IN CONTINENTAL WATERS OF UKRAINE
A new locality for Ruppia maritima L., typical marine species of the family Ruppiaceae, in a pond of continental Ukraine is described.

О.А. Kretsul
RARE SPECIES FOR THE FLORA OF BILOOZERSKY NATIONAL NATURE PARK
General description of the recently established Biloozersky National Nature Park is given. New localities for 5 rare species listed in the third edition of the Red Data Book of Ukraine are added. The habitats and short population characteristics for Salvinianatans (L.) All., Epipactishelleborine (L.) Crantz (E. latifolia (L.) All.), Liparis loeselii (L.) Rich., Iris sibirica L. and Stipa capillata L. are provided.

A.A. Kuzemko, M.S. Kozyr
SYNTAXONOMIC CHANGES OF THE MEADOW VEGETATION ON THE SEIM RIVER FLOODPLAIN IN UKRAINE
Based on comparison of the relevйes described in 1950s-70s and at present the changes in syntaxonomic composition of the meadow vegetation on the Seim River floodplain within Ukraine over the 50 years were found. A number of Koelerio-Agrostietum vinealis, Festuco valesiacae-Agrostietum vinealis and Poo trivialis-Alopecuretum pratensis associations localities has increased while Poёtum angustifoliae, Bromopsidetum inermis and Poo palustris-Alopecuretum pratensis associations localities has decreased respectively as a result of xerophytization of the ecotops. The pascual digression results in distribution of the communities of associations Festucetum pratensis, Festuco pratensis-Deschampsietum caespitosae, Poёtum pratensis, Anthoxantho-Agrostietum tenuis, Deschampsietum caespitosaeand soil salinization causes spreading of the Elytrigiorepentis-Alopecuretum arundinaceus and Agrostio-Caricetum distantis communities.

M.F. Petrov
ON THE NORTHERN BOUNDARY OF ACER TATARICUM L. (ACERACEAE) DISSEMINATION IN KYIV POLISSYA
Current natural limits of the A. tataricum L. dissemination in Kyiv Polissya pass through the watershed basin of the Ouzh river. The northernmost local progressive population of the species to the west of Dnieper river is located at the flood plain of the Ouzh river near village Cherevach in Kyiv Region. At the northern limits of its range A. tataricum occurs in edaphotopes enriched with mineral substances transported by the surface or ground waters.

О.I. Vinnikova

SOIL MYCOBIOTA AND PHYTOEDAPHON OF CRETACEOUS CHALK OUTCROPS IN THE RIVER VOLCHIYA VALLEY (KHARKIV REGION)

Mycobiota and phytoedaphon of the cretaceous chalk outcrops located in the northeast of Kharkiv Region, Ukraine were studied. Generally, mycobiota and phytoedaphon of the studied area are shown to have the traits of myco- and algaeflora of the forest biocoenoses. The specific features of the mycobiota and algaeflora of the calcificated soils are significant contributions from Aspergillus and Fusarium genera and Cyanophyta algae to the overall species diversity. However, majority of the species of these taxa showed a scarce distribution on the studied plots.

A.N. Ivanenko
APHYLLOPHOROID FUNGI OF THE FOREST HOLOSIIVSKY (Kyiv)
This work presents data of the research on aphyllophoroid fungi in the forest Holosiivsky. Altogether 64 species of wood-destroying fungi from 44 genera, 18 families and 7 orders are recorded. 31 species are found to be new for the National Nature Park «Holosiivsky» and 9 species – for theRight-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine.

O.Yu. Akulov

NEW AND LITTLE KNOWN FOR UKRAINE SPECIES OF FUNGICOLOUS FUNGI. I. SPECIES OF CALCARISPORIUM, GONATOBOTRYUM, NEMATOGONUMAND SYMPODIOPHORA

The paper contains brief history of fungicolous fungi investigations in Ukraine.  Detailed descriptions, original illustrations and some ecological features for fungicolous hyphomycetes Nematogonumferrugineum (Pers.) S. Hughes, Gonatobotryum parasiticum (Thaxt.) Jane Walker et Minter, Sympodiophora stereicola G.R.W. Arnoldand Calcarisporium arbuscula Preuss are presented. First three species are registered on the territory of Ukraine for the first time; for C.arbuscula only single records in the country were known.

Т.А. Boyko, А.Ye. Khodosovtsev
NEW FOR UKRAINE SPECIES OF LICHENICOLOUS FUNGI FROM THE NATURE RESERVE «YELANETSKIY STEP»
New lichenicolous fungi for Ukraine, Intralichen baccisporus D. Hawsksw. & M.S. Cole, Stigmidium glebarum (Arnold) Hafellner and Zwackhiomyces calcariae (Flagey) Hafellner & Nik. Hoffm., are recorded. Their diagnoses, ecological pecularities and distribution are provided. Identification keys to the Ukrainian species of the genera Intralichen D. Hawksw. & M. Cole and Zwackhiomyces Grube & Haf. are proposed.

L.M. Batsmanova, N.Yu. Taran, M.M. Musienko

PROOXIDANTS-ANTIOXIDANTS IN PHOTOSYNTHETIC TISSUES OF WINTER WHEAT OF STEPPE ECOTYPE UNDER H₂O₂ ACTION
Changes of lipid peroxidation intensity and activity of superoxide dismutase in photosynthetic tissue of winter wheat of steppe ecotype cultivated in Polissya condition have been studied. Plant adaptive reactions under research condition are directed on stabilization of prooxidant-antioxidant balance. Response-reaction is defined by genetic peculiarities of cultivar. It is investigated, that more tolerant cultivar restores that balance faster.

E.N. Klimenko

LEAF ANATOMY OF NUPHAR LUTEA L. SMITH. (NUMPHACEAE)

Anatomy and surface ultrastructure of floating leaves and growing аt the riverbed rosette leaves of the heterophyllous plant Nupharlutea (L.) Smith. have been studied. Anatomy of floating leaves is shown to be different from and rosette leaves in the following: absence of stomata, cuticula, asterosclereids, differentiated parenchyma, reduced intercellular volume and leaf width. It is proven that described features of anatomy and surface ultrastructure of the bottom  leaves are caused by the environment with different light level.

T.M. Cherevchenko, N.V. Chuvikina
THE ROLE OF M.G. KHOLODNY INSTITUTE OF BOTANY, NAS OF UKRAINE IN THE CREATION OF M.M. GRYSHKO NATIONAL BOTANICAL GARDENS, NAS OF UKRAINE
Role of the eminent scientists V.I. Lipsky and O.V. Fomin in the development of scientific backgrounds for establishing the Botanical gardens of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences (now M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Gardens, NAS of Ukraine) is highlighted. History of the Botanical Gardens from 1935 to 1944 within the Institute of Botany is described.

N.M. Shyіan

THE HERBARIUM OF THE M.G. KHOLODNY INSTITUTE OF BOTANY NAS OF UKRAINE KW IN DOCUMENTS AND DATA (1921–1931)

The Herbarium KW was founded in 1921 as a part of the Botanical Museum and Herbarium of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. Professor O.V. Fomin was the first Curator of the Herbarium. During 1921—1931, ca. 80 000 specimens were accumulated subdivided into the following four collections: herbarium of vascular plants, bryological, lichenological and mycological herbaria. The article provides archive and literature data on the development of these collections during 1921—1931.

№3 (2011)

S.M. Stoyko

PHYTOSOZOLOGY BASICS AND TASKS OF PHYTOGENOFUND AND PHYTOCOENOFUND DIVERSITY PRESERVATION

Natural and anthropogenic reasons for elimination of biological species are considered in historical aspect. Ways of biodiversity restoration through reintroduction of the allochton plants are analysed. Conceptual statements of phytosozology are determined, including its structural branches — autphytosozology, synphytosozology, ecosystem/landscape sozology. Various approaches for phytogenofund and phytocoenofund conservation in situ and ex situ are defined.

D.V. Dubyna, Т.P.Dzyuba, S.N. Emelyanova
SYNANTHROPIZATION OF COENOFLORA IN THE COASTAL GEOCOMPLEXES OF UKRAINE
Synanthropic component in coenoflora of the coastal geocomplexes in Ukraine consists of 332 species of vascular plants belonging to 45 families and 184 genera. 187 species are regarded as apophyses, 145 – non-native species. The highest level of synanthropization was observed in pioneer, steppe, saline meadows and shrub communities. Percentage of adventive plants in coenoflora of the coastal geocomplexes is rather high, 16, %. Within the synanthropic component, 37 species are active invaders and 9 species are transformers.

N.M. Shyіan, S.L. Mosyakin, O.M. Kornienko, M.M. Fedoronchuk
ON TYPIFICATION OF TAXA OF ASTERACEAE FAMILY IN THE FLORA OF UKRAINE. PART IV (GENERA CHONDRILLA L., CHRYSA NTHEMUM L., CIRSIUM MILL., CNICUS L., CREPIS L., ECHINOPS L., ERIGERON L., GALATELLA CASS., GNAPHALIUM L., HELICHRYSUM MILL., INULA L.).
List of species of the Asteraceae family (genera Chondrilla L., Chrysanthemum L., Cineraria L., Cirsium Mill., Cnicus L., Crepis L., Echinops L., Galatella Cass., Gnaphalium L., Helichrysum L., Inula L.) described from Ukraine is presented. For each species the following data are provided: basyonym, synonymy, protologue, nomenclatural type(s) and its/their location.

A.R.Nikiforov
SEASONAL DEVELOPMENT AND SHOOT SYSTEM OF SILENE JAILENSIS (CARYOPHYLLACEAE), A RELICT ENDEMIC PLANT IN THE MOUNTAIN CRIMEA
Seasonal development cycle and structural peculiarities of Silene jailensis plants have been studied. The plant consists of monopodially growing skeleton shoots. Vegetative part of the elementary shoot is formed during summer-autumn of the previous year, while its vegetative-generative part – in the beginning of summer the following year. The elementary shoot includes renewal zone, enrichment zone  and zone of the terminal bud. Under the influence of environmental factors the vegetative-generative or vegetative shoots are developed from buds of the enrichment.zone. The age of plants is established by change in branching from monopodial system of the main shoot to sympodial system of many perennial shoots.

V.V. Kucherevsky, N.A. Baranets, T.V. Sirenko
BIOMORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF CYMBOCHASMA BORYSTHENICA (PALL. EX SCHLECHT.) KLOKOV ET ZOZ FRUITS AND SEEDS
The results of morphological study of Cymbochasma borysthenica (Pall. ex Schlecht.) Klokov et Zoz. (Orobanchaceae Vent.) fruits and seeds are presented. The dicarpellum character of an ovary is demonstrated. Role of placental accretion of contiguous carpella in formation of a false four-lobed boll is shown. Suggestion about absence of seed reproduction in natural and introduced populations of C. borysthenica is rejected.

K.V. Korzhan
TAXONOMIC STRUCTURE OF THE URBAN FLORA OF CHERNIVTSY CITY
It was found that urban flora of Chernivtsy city at present consists of 1130 species from 518 genera, 119 families, 2 clasess and 5 divisions. Information about 67 species new for the territory of Chernivtsy is given. Seven of them are new for the Chernivtsy Region.

A.V. Yena

HERBARIUM IN POLYPROPYLENE FILES. ON A NEW APPROACH TO STORE HERBARIUM SPECIMENS
Author proposes to place herbarium sheets into the polypropylene files in order to facilitate mounting, to provide easy-to-use envelope for specimen examination and to ensure security for the content.

A.M. Solonenko, S.O. Iarovyi
ALGAE FROM SOLONCHAK SOIL IN THE SHELIUGIVSKY POD (ZAPORIZHIA REGION)
Species composition of algae on saline soil from the Utliuk liman was studied. Species usually occuring on saline soils as well as those with wide ecological amplitude were found. Systematic structure of the species composition, prevailing families and most frequently observed species are reported.

T.O. Kondratyuk, L.T. Nakonechna, O.S. Kharkevych

MICROSCOPIC FUNGI FOUND ON DAMAGED FINISHING COATING MATERIALS INDOORS (PLASTER AND PAINT)

Results of mycological investigations of the interior finishing coating materials damaged by microscopic filamentous fungi are provided. Rooms of 28 buildings for various purposes were investigated. 88 species of microscopic filamentous fungi belonging to 37 genera from the divisions Zygomycota, Ascomycota and group of anamorphic fungi are identified. Majority of the Ascomycota fungi  isolated from the samples were in anamorphic stages. Anamorphic fungi showed the highest species diversity (64 species of 22 genera). Representatives of the genera Aspergillus, Acremonium, Alternaria, Cladosporium, Penicillium and Ulocladium are found to be the main agents in destructive processes.

О.I. Vinnikova

MYCOBIOTA AND PHYTOEDAPHON SPECIES DIVERSITY IN VARIOUS PHYTOCOENOSES ON CRETACEOUS CHALK OUTCROPS OF THE VOLCHYA RIVER VALLEY (KHARKIV REGION)

It is concluded that trees have positive effect on species diversity of micromycetes on calcareous soils. Numerous fungal species were isolated both from litter and soil layers. Number of algae species is found to decline under Pirus trees and increase in the litter in Prunus (thorn) plantations. Changes in algae species diversity in arboreous plots were opposite to that of fungi. Maximum similarity between micromycetes species composition was shown for three closest plots with grass cover, while for algae it was observed in two plots under Pirus plantations. In total, similarity of the fungal species composition depended on  distance between the studied plots and type of phytocoenoses, whereas for algae species composition only the latter factor was important.

O.Yu. Akulov

NEW AND LITTLE KNOWN IN UKRAINE SPECIES OF FUNGICOLOUS FUNGI. II. ACRODONTIUM, NODULISPORIUM AND RHINOTRICHELLA
The paper contains information about four species of fungicolous hyphomycetes: Acrodontium crateriforme (J.F.H. Beyma) de Hoog, A. hydnicola (Peck) de Hoog, Nodulisporium cecidiogenesJшrg. Koch and Rhinotrichella globulifera G. Arnaud ex de Hoog. Detailed descriptions, original illustrations and some ecological features of these species are provided. The last three species are registered in Ukraine for the first time; Acrodontium crateriforme is known in the country from a single collection.

F.P. Tkachenko, E.N. Popova, O.A. Babenko

LEUCOAGARICUS WICHANSKYI (PILБT) BON ET BOIFFARD, A NEW RECORD FOR UKRAINE'S STEPPE REGION
A rare mushroom, Leucoagaricus wichanskyi, is recorded for the first time in the steppe zone of Ukraine. The habitat is characterized and list of accompanying mushroom species is given.

O.V. Ordynets, E.O. Yurchenko

NEW DATA ON LACHNOCLADIACEAE REPRESENTATIVES IN UKRAINE

Two members of the family Lachnocladiaceae D.A. Reid (Russulales, Basidiomycota) are firstly reported for Ukraine. They are Dichostereumeffuscatum (Cooke et Ellis) Boidin et Lanq. and Scytinostroma hemidichophyticum Pouzar. The critical study of the holotype of Corticium portentosum f. duriusculum (Berk. et Broome) Pilбt et Bourdot reported by A. Pilбt for the Carpathian Forests has been carried out. As a result, the taxon was referred to Scytinostroma eurasiaticogalactinum Boidin et Lanq.

L.G. Bezusko, A.G. Bezusko, R.Ya. Arap
PALYNOLOGICAL STUDIES OF QUARTERNARY DEPOSITS IN UKRAINE IN WORKS BY O.Т. АRTYUSHENKO (DEVOTED TO HER 100TH ANNIVERSARY)
The article is dedicated to the history of development of Paleobotany in Ukraine in the 20th century. Scientific heritage in palynology of Quaternary deposits of an outstanding Ukrainian paleobotanist, O.T. Artyushenko, is analysed. Results of the analysis and summarized paleopalynological data are considered in the context of their further use for the development of paleobotany, paleoclimatology, biostratigraphy, historical phytogeography, and methodical basis of spore-pollen analysis.

№4 (2011)

Ya.P. Didukh, Yu.A. Vasheniyak
SYNPHYTOINDICATION OF PLANT COMMUNITIES IN THE CENTRAL PODILLYA REGION
Ecological factors determine differentiation of the plant communities in the Central Podillya Region. The ecological factors were analysed using synphytoindication method. Their mean values for each class of vegetation as well as the indices of ecological background for the region were calculated. Correlation between changes in plant community classes and the leading ecological factor values was demonstrated. The ecosystem differentiation peculiarities within the studied region are shown on the  dendrograph built on the basis of the main ecological factors values.

V.A. Кonogray, V.V. Rasevich, V.V. Osypenko
ANALYSIS OF THE FLORA OF THE KREMENCHUG RESERVOIR TERRITORY
A comparative structural analysis of the flora for the territory of Kremenchug reservoir was conducted. The characteristic features of the flora are reported. The flora of the vascular plants in this region consists of 659 taxa belonging to 339 genera and 98 families. Within this composition there are 94 adventive types of the vascular plants from 81 genera and 38 families. Taxonomic, geographical, biomorphological, ecologo-coenotical structure of the flora was analysed. Similarity of the flora of the reservoir territory and the flora of the temperate Holarctic area is shown.

N.M. Shіyan, T.L. Andrienko
ALDROVANDA VESICULOSA L. IN THE PRYPІAT RIVER BASIN
The article deals with distribution and conservation issues of Aldrovanda vesiculosa L. in the Prypiat river basin on the territory of Ukraine and Belarus. Recent studies show that this region is one of the main centers of the species distribution in Europe.

І.О. Bednarska, О.О. Оrlov
FESTUCA MACUTRENSIS ZAPAІ. IN THE FLORA OF CENTRAL POLISSYA. 1. ANATOMICAL AND MORFOLOGICAL DIFFERENTIATION
Festuca macutrensis was found for the first time in the flora of the Central Polissya. Based on analysis of 12 morphological and 16 anatomical characters of the leaf blade differentiation within 8 populations of this species from Zhytomyr environs was studied. They were compared with those in populations from Podillya, the main part of the species range including locus classicus. Variability of the diagnostic species characters was studied in natural and disturbed environment. It was determined that Zhytomyr populations have different ecological and morphological features and they can be considered as a peculiar ecological and geographical race of the species.

A.Ya. Didukh
ONTO-MORPHOGENESIS PECULIARITIES OF TRAPA NATANS L. (TRAPACEAE)
Results of the onto-morphogenesis studies of Trapa natans L. under conditions of greenhouses and open ground are provided. A full cycle of ontognesis takes one year and includes 4 periods and 11 age stages. In greenhouses ontogenesis lasts 8–10 months, in open ground — 7–8 months. Based on histoanatomical research of the root system and underwater string-like organs (stem roots), three major types of roots have been recognized for the first time. Distinctive characteristics of these types of roots have been revealed. It was established that besides gynoecium, the receptacle and sepals are also involved in the fruit formation. The fruit therefore is not a nut as it was previously assumed and should be defined as a false nut.

A.R. Nikiforov
THE ELEMENTARY SHOOT AND SEASONAL DEVELOPMENT OF SILENE JAILENSIS (CARYOPHYLLACEAE), A RELIC ENDEMIC PLANT OF THE MOUNTAIN CRIMEA
Peculiarities of the elementary shoot development of Silene jailensis depending on thermal conditions were studied. The development cycle of elementary shoots of the plants ex situ in Southern Crimea lasts from spring to autumn. In situ the elementary shoots grow during two seasons: the first stage takes place in summer and autumn of the previous year when zone of shoot renewal is formed, and the final stage continues from spring of the following year when zone of enrichment with vegetative and generative buds is developed. Some shoots of the plants ex situ have the same cycle. In this case the main vegetative parts of the shoot grow in autumn, and the final vegetative-generative parts develop during spring rise of average day temperature after the winter pause. The revealed potential in the development of elementary shoots in situ shows their adaptability to extreme ecological conditions in cool climate.

A.P. Iljinska, L.M. Nytsenko
EMBRYO STRUCTURE OF THE SPECIES OF BRASSICACEAE IN THE FLORA OF UKRAINE
The structure of the embryo of 226 species ofBrassicaceae in the flora of Ukraine was studied. The embryos are attributed to three types and 11 subtypes. The direct embryos with equal cotyledons of the Leavenworthia Torr. species are considered as the third type. Subtypes are allocated on the basis of the distinction between the embryos in form of the cotyledons. Incumbent embryos are very diverse in form of cotyledons which can be plane, conduplicate, sulcate, heterosulcate, spiral, biplicate, involute and sectional. In accumbent ones they are often plane, and only in some species can be foliaceous or convex. Diagnostic, phylogenetic and evolutionary value of the embryo features as well as the factors causing development of the obliquely incumbent embryo are discussed.

A.S. Usichenko
RARE APHYLLOPHOROID FUNGI FROM THE NATIONAL NATURE PARK "GOMILSHANSKI LISY"
As a result of surveys conducted in 1999-2009 in the National Nature Park «Gomilshanski Lisy» (Zmiyiv District, Kharkiv Region, Ukraine), 6 species of rare aphyllophoroid fungi were registered (Albatrellus cristatus, Hericium cirrhatum, Sarcodontia crocea, Skeletocutis odora, Spongipellisspumeus and Xylobolus frustulatus). The species were evaluated according to the IUCN criteria. Some measures for their protection are proposed.

L.E. Ryff
CYCLOSPERMUM LEPTOPHYLLUM (PERS.) SPRAGUE EX BRITTON ET P. WILSON (APIACEAE), A NEW ALIEN PLANT FOR UKRAINE
Cyclospermum leptophyllum (Pers.) Sprague ex Britton et P. Wilson is reported for the first time for the Ukrainian flora as an alien species. It was found on the territory of Nikitsky Botanical Garden (the South Coast of the Crimea). Morphological description of the species and data on its distribution are provided. Some aspects of its biology, ecological peculiarities and practical value are discussed.

V.P. Heluta, K.S. Umanets, V.P. Hayova
SPECIES DIFFERENTIATION IN THE MAGNICELLULATAE COMPLEX (PODOSPHAERA, ERYSIPHALES) WITHIN THE SPECIMENS COLLECTED IN UKRAINE
Seven species of Podosphaera sect. Sphaerotheca subsect. Magnicellulatae are recorded in Ukraine. However, Podosphaera delphinii, P. helianthemi and P. plantaginis, close to P. fusca s. str., have unclear status and  require molecular phylogenetic analyses. Samples of Podosphaerafrom Impatiens noli-tangere with largechasmothecia and small oculi of the asci belong to P. balsaminae. Podosphaera fuliginea has smallchasmothecia and asci with rather large oculi. In Ukraine P. fusca s. str. is known parasitizing plants of Asteraceae and Scrophulariaceae s. str., while P. xanthii was registered on hosts of Asteraceae, Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae, and Verbenaceae. Obligate relationships of P. fusca s. str. and P. xanthii with specific host genera and tribes were established. None of the host genera infected by both fungi was observed. The paper provides a special table for distinguishing P. fusca s. str. and P. xanthii. Within Asteraceae, exclusively species of two subfamilies, Asteroideae and Cichorioideae, are infected by these fungi. They were not recorded in Ukraine on the hosts from the less advanced subfamilies, Mutisioideae and Carduoideae. P. fusca s. str. occurs almost exclusively on plants of the subfamily Cichorioidea, excepting one case, while representatives of Asteroideae can be infected by both species. No hiatus between P. fusca s. str. and P. xanthii on hosts of Orobanchaceae is evident indicating that species differentiation in Podosphaera is likely not to have been completed. Distribution of P. fusca s. str. and P. xanthii by host genera in Ukraine is consistent with the molecular data obtained by Japanese mycologists mainly on the East Asian material. It is suggested that enlargement of ascus oculus may have occured in the genus Podosphaera many times in different phylogenetic lineages. Molecular phylogenetic study of P. fusca s. l. with extensive involvement of European material is required.