I.B. Tsoy
SILICOFLAGELLATES OF THE OLIGOCENE TO EARLY MIOCENE FROM THE SUBMARINE VITYAZ RIDGE (ISLAND SLOPE OF THE KURIL-KAMCHATKA TRENCH), RUSSIA

The Oligocene to Early Miocene diverse flora silicoflagellates (Dictyochophyceae) included 40 specific and intraspecific taxa belong to 9 genera have found in sediments of the submarine Vityaz Ridge. The silicoflagellate assemblages corresponded to the Early Oligocene Dictyocha deflandrei Zone, the Late Oligocene Naviculopsis biapiculata Zone, and the Early Miocene N. lata Zone were identified. The silicoflagellate assemblage description and their correlation with zonal diatom assemblages are given. 27 silicoflagellate taxa are illustrated.

V.P. Gerasimyuk
NEW FOR UKRAINE SPECIES OF ALGAE
Description of two new for Ukraine of species of algae are given: Spirulina breviarticulata (Setch. et N.L. Gardner) Geitler (Cyanophyta) and Fritschiella tuberosa M.O.P. Iyengar (Chlorophyta). Spirulina was found in off shore waters of Zmeiny Island, in Odessa Bay, Fritschiella – on sandy bottom of Tiligulsky Estuary. Descriptions, images and general distribution of the species are presented.

A.F. Krakhmalny

NEW LOCATION THOMPSODINIUM INTERMEDIUM (R.H. THOMPS.) BOURR. (DINOPHYTA) IN UKRAINE

A rare species of Thompsodinium intermedium (Dinophyta) was found in the plankton of Buchak Lake (July 2009, Kanev district, Cherkasy region, Ukraine). It is the second reference of this species for reservoirs of Ukraine. For the first time the species was registered in 1966 in Lake White (Kharkiv region, near the biological station of Kharkov State University).  Thompsodinium intermedium was referred to freshwater reservoirs of the USA, Belize (formerly British Honduras) and Cuba. Figures, description, distribution, comparison with morphologically similar species are given. Systematic position of studied species (it has been transferred from the family Gonyaulacaceae to the family Peridiniaceae) was clarified.  A new species combination of Thompsodinium pseudo-intermedium (Coute et Iltis) Krachm. comb. nov. was proposed.

D.A. Kapustin

NEW NOMENCLATURE AND TAXONOMICAL COMBINATIONS WITHIN EUGLENOPHYTES

Based on the polytypic species concept, 11 new intraspecific taxonomical combinations within the genera Lepocinclis Perty emend. Marin et Melkonian and Monomorphyna Mereschk. emend. Marin et Melkonian are proposed. For each taxon information about its distribution in Ukraine and in the world are given. For four varieties from genus Lepocinclis the lectotype are chosen.

№2 (2011)

A.A. Voytsekhovich, T.I. Mikhailyuk, T.M. Darienko

LICHEN PHOTOBIONTS. 2: ORIGIN AND CORRELATION WITH MYCOBIONT
Composition of lichen photobionts closely correlates with some taxonomic groups of lichen-forming fungi. More than 55 % of these fungi are associated with Trebouxia Puym. and Asterochloris Tscherm.-Woess, around 40 % with Cyanoprokaryota, about 8 % with Trentepohliales, and 20 % with other green algae. However, not all lichen associations are stable in long terms and therefore several photobiont species can be present in the same lichen thallus. Some lichens constantly include several photobiont species belonging to different taxonomic algal groups. Selectivity of various lichen groups is different because symbiotic relations of various lichens are situated on diverse specialization levels. Lichens with Trebouxia and Asterochloris reached the highest photobiont specificity levels. The origin of photobiont in lichen thallus and main ways of its obtainment in the process of lichen reproduction (from mother thallus (vegetative reproduction) and from environment (reproduction by spores)) are discussed. Lichen photobiont composition determines the main life strategies of lichen association as well as essentially influences on their eco-geographical peculiarities. Additional photobionts (in cephalodia) as well as hymenial (in hymenium) and epithecial (in epithecium) algae may be present in the thallus side by side with the main photobiont. Algae-lichenoepiphytes grown on lichen thalli, may penetrate into above mentioned lichen structures and perhaps serve source of "potential" photobionts.

S.S. Stepanov, E.K. Zolotareva

THE EFFECT OF METHANOL ON PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVITY AND PRODUCTIVITY OF CHLAMYDOMONAS REINHARDTIIDANG. (CHLOROPHYTA)
Small concentrations of methanol (0.1–0.4 %) stimulated the growth of autotrophic batch culture Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The stimulatory effect is to improve the functional state of the photosynthetic apparatus, increasing the rate of CO₂ fixation and reducing the losses of CO₂ in the cycle of photorespiration. The cell packed volume was increased by 34 % when grown for 7 days in the presence of 50 mM methanol. Doubling time was decreased by 28 % compared with control. The stimulating effect of small concentrations of methanol on the dark respiration rate was also observed.

L.Ye. Sigareva, N.A. Timofeeva
INTERANNUAL DYNAMIC OF SEDIMENTARY CHLOROPHYLL A CONTENT IN THE RYBINSK RESERVOIR (RUSSIA)
The maintenance of vegetative pigments in the top layers of polytypic bottom sediments  during the years 1993–2009 in Rybinsk reservoir is studied and comparison with indicators of productivity of  phytoplankton is determined. The reduction of a sedimentary chlorophyll (chlorophyll a plus pheopigments) content on river-bed stations is determined. Average concentration for period at stations varied in a range of values (3-284 mkg/g dry weight sediment in a layer of 0-2,5 cm and 1,8–260,7 – in a layer of 0-5 cm), characteristic of different trophic type. The maximum values of the mean annual concentration (176,4 mkg/g dry weight sediment) was observed in ecoton sediment, and minimum (30,4) – in lake parts with mosaic ground. Results of investigation testify to reduction of eutrophication reservoir rate.

O.S. Tarashchuk, T.F. Shevchenko, P.D. Klochenko

EPIPHYTON ALGAE OF THE LAKE SECTION OF THE KANEV RESERVOIR (UKRAINE)
The distribution of epiphyton algae over higher aquatic plants of different ecological groups occurring in the lake section of the Kanev Reservoir was studied for the first time. A total of 215 species of algae represented by 221 infraspecific taxa, including those containing nomenclatural types of species of 6 divisions, 13 classes, 28 orders, 49 families, and 97 genera was registered as a result of the performed investigations. It has been found that the distribution of epiphyton algae species over higher aquatic plants belonging to different ecological groups is non-uniform. On submerged plants, the number of algae species and their infraspecific taxa, their genera, families, orders, and classes, as well as the quantitative indices of phytoepiphyton development were essentially higher than those on plants belonging to the other ecological groups.

V.G. Kharitonov

ON BACILLARIOPHYCEAE FLORA FOUND IN WATER BODIES ALONG THE TAUYSKAYA GUBA COAST OF THE OKHOTSK SEA (RUSSIA)
In 2005 a collective monograph "Biological Diversity of the Tauyskaya Guba coast of the Okhotsk Sea" was published. One of the parts of the book was devoted to diatoms found in water bodies along the Tauyskaya Guba coast (Kharitonov, 2005). In this part of the monograph for the first time the author presents 235 diatom taxa united in 40 genera in a form of a brief annotated list. Order Centrales includes 14 genera and 57 taxa of species and subspecies ranks; order Penales with Fragilariaceae and Achnanthaceae families include 26 and 178 correspondingly. The other diatom groups found in water bodies along the coast were at that time under analysis and were not presented in the book. The present work is intended to fill this gap in our knowledge. The total list of diatoms found in water bodies of Tauyskaya Guba water basin includes 689 species (755 taxa of species and subspecies ranks) belonging to 103 genera. 520 species and subspecies are presented in the present work for the first time.

V.P. Gerasimiuk, G.N. Shichaleeva, A.A. Ennan

SPECIES COMPOSITION OF ALGAE OF THE KUIALNYK ESTUARY (NORTH-WESTERN BLACK SEA AREA, UKRAINE)
It was carried out The research of species composition of the Kuialnik estuary (2001–2008) was carried out. During this investigation 87 species of algae were reveald, belonging to 49 genera, 32 families, 18 orders, 7 classes and 3 divisions. Thirty-nine species are new for the Kuialnik estuary. The photos of the most typical and rare species of diatoms for Kuialnik estuary are given.

S.A. Turskaya

BACILLARIOPHYTA OF MICROPHYTOBENTHOS FROM SOME BASINS OF THE VILEJSKO-MINSKAYA WATER SYSTEM (BELARUS)
Diatom algae of microphytobenthos from the following basins of the Vilejsko-Minskaya water system were studied: from the Viliya and Iliya rivers (in the region of their flowing into the Vilejskoye reservoir) and from the Main channel. In the composition of Bacillariophyta were found 151 species and 30 intraspecific taxa. Revealed dominating diatom complexes reflect the specificity of investigated water objects.

O.A. Kovtun
TAXONOMIC STRUCTURE OF BACILLARIOPHYTA IN BENTHOS OF THE TILIGUL ESTUARY (NORTH-WESTERN PART OF THE BLACK SEA, UKRAINE)
Taxonomic diversity, structure and distribution of diatom algae in benthos of the Tiligul Estuary were studied. 181 taxons of diatoms related to 3 classes, 7 subclasses, 22 orders, 39 families and 61 genuses were revealed. For the first time 74 taxons were presented in benthos of the reservoir, 66 from which were found firstly for the estuary and 25 were new for benthos of Northern Part of the Black Sea. Comparative analysis of systematic diversity of diatom flora for last 40 years was made.

A.F. Krakhmalny

NEW NOMENCLATURE AND TAXONOMICAL COMBINATIONS OF DINOPHYTA
Nine new nomenclature and taxonomic combinations are proposed in the genus Neoceratium Gomez et al., and one – in the genus Kryptoperidinium Lindemann. Necessity of introducing new combinations is caused by division of the genus Ceratium Schrank into 2 genera: Ceratium (freshwater species with 6 singular plates) and Neoceratium (marine species with five plates), and also further "disbanding" of the genus Glenodinium Ehrenb. (its existence is questionable because of the fuzzy taxonomic features).

№3 (2011)

M.K. Kovalyova, N.G. Menzyanova, AnshuJain, AbhishekYadav, S.J.S. Flora, A.I. Bozshkov
HORMESIS EFFECT OF DUNALIELLA VIRIDIS TEODOR. (CHLOROPHYTA) UNDER INFLUENCE OF  COPPER SULFATE
It was researched the stability of culture Dunaliella viridis, which was previously adapted to growth in medium containing 20 mg/L copper sulfate, to high concentrations of copper ions – 75 mg/L copper sulfate. It was shown that such culture is resistant to high concentrations of copper ions, i.e. it is able to develop the effect of hormesis. It was found that resistant to copper ions cells of D. viridis accumulated 2000 times more copper ions compared with the control culture cells. The carbonyl proteins content (products of free radical processes) increased only 2 times, the content of Cu²⁺ decreased in such cells in the process of cultivation. In CuR culture cells SOD activity increased and the content of free proline decreased in 2 times. Hormesis effect is estimated to become apparent when cooperative behavior of all protection systems of cells occurs. Such behavior is characterized by emergent features (feature is impossible to predict proceeding from features of protection systems elements) but not summation of all protection elements.

I.K. Evstigneeva, I.N. Tankovskaya
SUMMER MACROPHYTOBENTHOS PSEUDO- AND SUBLITORAL OF BAKAL PLAIT AND NEIGHBOURING REGIONS OF KARKINITSKY GULF (BLACK SEA, UKRAINE)
The ecologo-taxonomical composition of the summer flora of pseudolitoral of Bakal Plait and neighbouring regions of Mezhvodnoe and Portovoe settlements was investigated for the first time. Specific features of the development of phytocenoses in sublitoral of Karkinitsky Gulf were revealed. The flora contains 47 species of macroalgae from 26 genus, 16 families, 13 orders of the divisions Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta and Rhodophyta, and 5 species of sea grass. Rhodophyta takes the leading position in terms of the quantity of all taxons. Taxonomic structure in sublitoral is more variable than in pseudolitoral. Floristic distinction gets more strong on depth increment. The basic ecological groups of the gulf macrophytobenthos are the sea, single-year and oligosaprobe groups. Similarity of ecological spectra in different regions increases from Chlorophyta to Rhodophyta. Ecological structure of macrophytobenthos of sublitorale experiences a batimetric variability. Phytomass of algocenoses on various depths varies in wide limits. For the green algae it decreases on depth increment, whereas for the red algae it changes in oscillating manner.

S.I. Genkal, P.G. Belyaeva
DIATOM ALGAE IN THE KAMA RESERVOIR (RUSSIA)
Electron-microscopic studies of the phytoplankton in the Kama Reservoir allow us to expand sufficiently the taxonomical list of Centrophyceae (from 16 up to 33 species and varieties). In the northern regions of the Kama basin with large tributaries of the North and Middle Ural new representatives of genera Actinocyclus Ehrenb., Aulacoseira Thw., Discostella Houk et Klee, Sceletonema Grev., Stephanodiscus Ehrenb., Thalassiosira Cleve have been registered including. Peculiarities of the species composition of centric diatoms in the Kama Reservoir as compared to the Votkinsk and Lower Kama reservoirs located southward are shown.

N.M. Lyalyuk, V.N. Klimyuk

PHYTOPLANKTON OF SALT LAKES OF SLAVYАNSK (UKRAINE)

Paper deals with species composition and taxonomic structure of phytoplankton of salt lakes of Slavyаnsk. In total 166 species (195 infraspecific taxa) have been fevealed. They belong to 6 divisions (Cyanoprokaryota, Euglenophyta, Dinophyta, Chrysophyta, Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta), 43 families and 79 genera. The seasonal dynamics of species structure.

F.B. Shkundina, G.A. Gulamanova
BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY OF PHYTOPLANKTON OF THE LAKES OF REPUBLIC BASHKORTOSTAN, RUSSIA
The results of the study autotrophic plankton 9 lakes on the territory of Republic Bashkortostan were summarized during the period from 1978 till 2009. We identified 587 species and intraspecific taxa of algae and Cyanoprokaryota. We consider a-, b-, and g-diversity.

L.M. Terenko

THE GENUS DINOPHYSIS EHRENB. (DINOPHYTA) IN THE COAST OF THE UKRAINIAN BLACK SEA: SPECIES COMPOSITION, DISTRIBUTION, DYNAMICS
Results of long-term original researches and the literary data of a species biodiversity of the genus Dinophysis of the Ukrainian coast of Black Sea are generalize. It is established that this genus is presented by 25 species. Species composition of Dinophysis at coast of Crimea is more diverse with 21 species, but in the northwestern Black Sea there are 17 species. Three dominated species Dinophysisacuminata, D. caudata and D. rotundata which are most common for the northwestern Black Sea. Species of the genus were presented in the plankton from May to November at temperature of water surface 7.5–26.6 ^оС and salinity 9.7–17.6 ‰. The maximum abundance of species is noted in August, minimum in November. Seasonal changes of a complex of species of the given genus, and also feature of their spatial distribution in the Odessa Bay and adjoining water area are described. The obtained data testifies to necessity of the permanent hydrobiological control of the development of potentially toxic microalgae of genus Dinophysis which are indicators of high organic pollution of the water environment.

M.S. Kulikovskiy, S.I. Genkal, T.M. Mikheyeva
NEW DATA ON BACILLARIOPHYTA OF BELARUSSIA. 2. FAM. FRAGILARIACEAE (KUTZ.) DE TONY, DIATOMACEAE DUMORT. AND TABELLARIACEAE F. SCHUTT
Diatoms flora from families Diatomaceae, Tabellariaceae, Fragilariaceae including 39 species and 10 unidentified taxa from 13 genera (23 – new for the river flora and 7 – for the Belarus) is discovered from the River Svisloch. Four new combinations Staurosira berolinensis (Lemmerm.) Kulikovskiy & Genkal comb. nov., S. leptostauron (Ehrenb.) Kulikovskiy & Genkal comb. nov., S.triangexigua Kulikovskiy & Genkal comb. nov., nom. nov., Pseudostaurosira subconstricta (Grunow) Kulikovskiy & Genkal comb. nov., stat. nov. are suggested. Staurosira sviridae Kulikovskiy, Genkal & Mikheeva sp. nov. is described as new for science. Modern problems of fragilarioid taxonomy are shown. LM and SEM pictures for the all founded species are given in this article.

S.Yu. Gorbunova, A.B. Borovkov, R.P. Trenkenshu

PRODUCTIVITY OF CULTURE OF ARTHROSPIRA PLATENSIS (NORDST.) GEITLER (CYANOPROKARYOTA) AT DIFFERENT MATERIAL WELL-BEING BY MINERAL PHOSPHORUS

Kinetic growth and use of nitrogen and phosphorus by prokaryotic microalgae Arthrospira platensis culture were investigated. A consumption of mineral forms of nitrogen and phosphorus depending on concentration of biogenes in the culture was estimated.

N.M. Mineeva

PLANT PIGMENTS AS INDICATORS OF PHYTOPLANKTON BIOMASS. REVIEW

Review of publications shows that biochemical methods become widespread in hydrobiological investigations of sea and freshwaters serving as alternative to labor- and time-consumimg microscopic accounting of phytoplankton biomass. Photosynthetic pigments analyzed by means of spectrophotometric, fluorescent, or chromatographic methods are the most often used markers of biomass. Under high pigment diversity in algae, the HPLC looks like the most perspective for determination of total biomass of algacenoses as well as relative abundance of large taxonomic groups.

№4 (2011)

D.O. Bova, I.Yu. Kostikov
PLASTID DIVISION MECHANISMS AND THEIR DIVERSITY
Review deals with the analysis of literature data about molecular mechanisms and apparatuses of plastid division in photoautotrophic organisms of different phyla. Division apparatuses of eubacteria (including cyanobacteria), primary and secondary plastids of algae and land plants as well as of apicomplexans are discussed. Three types of plastid division defined as prokaryotic (Glaucocystophyta), mixed prokaryotic-eukaryotic (all other algae and land plants) and eukaryotic (Apicomplexa) are reviewed. The principles of positioning, assembly, structure and functioning of the divisome and PDF (Plastid-dividing, Dynamin, and FtsZ rings) system are discussed. We reviewed localizations, functions and interactions of proteins involved in the division of bacteria and the different types of plastids. Furthermore, we discussed the evolutionary origin of the different components of plastid division apparatuses.

A. Abbas & M. Shameel
ANATOMICAL STUDIES ON JOLYNA LAMINARIOIDES GUIMARAES (PHAEOPHYCOTA)
A marine brown alga Jolyna laminarioides in Guimaraes et al. (family Scytosiphonaceae,order Scytosiphonales,class Laminarophyceae, phylum Phaeophycota) wascollected during September 2007 – November 2009 from the coast of Karachi (Pakistan) and investigated for its taxonomy, anatomy and reproductive structures. A detailed investigation of its anatomical features was for the first time and is being presented.

K.K. Choudhary, L.N. Shukla, Ch. P. Shukla
SPECIES OF CYANOPHYTA DIVERSITY IN FLY ASH AFFECTED RICE FIELDS ALONG NATIONAL THERMAL PLANT (NORTH BIHAR, INDIA)

This study describes the Cyanophyta diversity in rice fields contaminating with fly ash along National Thermal Power Station (NTPS). Heterogeneous biomass of Cyanophyta (Cyanobacteria) appearing on soil and water surface were randomly collected between 49–51 days of rice seedlings plantation from three sites differing in distances (0–100 m, 150–250 m and 300–400 m) from National Thermal Power Station. 42 species belonging to 23 genera were identified from the selected fly ash affected rice fields. Out of 42, 18 species (13 genera), 29 species (20 genera) and 36 species (21 genera) were recorded from (0–100 m), 150–250 m and 300–400 m, respectively with some common forms. All three selected fields witnessed more heterocystous species over non-heterocystous. Eleven (9 genera), twenty (14 genera) and twenty-five (15 genera) species of heterocystous forms were recorded for 0-100 m, 150–250 m and 300–400 m, respectively. Non-heterocystous forms were represented by 7 species (4 genera), 9 species (6 genera) and 11 species (6 genera) for 0–100 m, 150–250 m and 300–400 m away from NTPS, respectively. Anabaena and Nostoc sp. were dominant forms for all documented fields. The study concluded the negative effect of fly ash accumulation on Cyanophyta species diversity under field conditions and proposed the management of fly ash affected soils with fly ash tolerant Cyanophyta species for sustainable agriculture practices.

A.P. Ivanova, V.A. Gabyshev, L.I. Kopyrina
ALGAL FLORA OF WATER BODIES OF THE TIMPTON RIVER (SOUTH YAKUTIA, RUSSIA)
Taxonomic and ecologo-floristic analysis of the phytoplankton structure and periphyton was first conducted for the Timpton River and a few floodplain lakes to quantify the number and biomass of phytoplankton.

A.S. Andreyeva-Grigorovich, D.D.O. Waga
CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSILS FROM THE PALEOGENE DEPOSITS OF THE NORTHERN PRECAUCASUS AND SOUTH-EASTERN PART OF GREAT DONBAS
This article includes the results of the electron microscope (EM) study and the first taxonomic description of 13 calcareous nannofossil species from the Paleocene-Eocene sediments from the borehole material of Northern Precaucasus and the south-eastern part of the Great Donbas. The described species belong to the families of Helicosphaera, Chiasmolithus and Nannotetrina.