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2016 №1 №2 №3 №4
№1
V.Ya. Dvornyk
EVOLUTION OF THE CIRCADIAN CLOCK SYSTEM IN CYANOBACTERIA: A GENOMIC PERSPECTIVE
Cyanobacteria are the first prokaryotes shown to have an endogenous circadian clock, an ability to sustain life processes with an approximate daily periodicity. During its long and complex evolutionary history, the circadian system of cyanobacteria has underwent several major changes, which resulted in its structural diversification. Three main types of the system, which possess different sets of elements, have been identified so far. There is evidence that these differences may be associated with some functional modifications. Macroevolution of the circadian system has been governed by many factors, including multiple duplications, gene recruitment and de novo gene origin, domain accretion and fusion, and selection. Rapid accumulation of genomic data provides new possibilities for comprehensive comparative analyses and more accurate reconstruction of an evolutionary scenario for this finely tuned regulatory mechanism of cyanobacteria.
L.V. Stelmakh
SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIABILITY OF CARBON TO CHLOROPHYLL A RATIO IN PHYTOPLANKTON OF THE SURFACE LAYER IN SHALLOW WATER AREAS OF THE BLACK SEA (CRIMEA)
The results of investigations of s patial and temporal variability of C/sсhl a ratio in phytoplankton of the surface layer (0-1 m) in the shallow waters of the Black Sea are presented. The work was carried out in the north-western part of the sea and near Crimean coast in different months during 2005-2013 in expeditions on research vessels “Professor Vodyanitsky” and “Vladimir Parshin”. Bacillariophyta, Dinophyta and Haptophyta produce the main biomass of phytoplankton in the Black Sea. The variability of abiotic environmental conditions leads to a variability of the structural and functional parameters of phytoplankton. Early studies on cultures of microalgae has been shown that the ratio between organic carbon and chlorophyll a (C/chl. a) in the algal cells depends on environmental conditions, taxonomy and cell size of algae. It is logical to assume that in the Black Sea ratio between organic carbon and chl. a will change on the background of spatial and temporal variability of environmental conditions, as well as the heterogeneity of the cell size and taxonomic structure of phytoplankton. To confirm this hypothesis, we conducted a study on the variability of the C/chl. a ratio, species and size structure of phytoplankton and associated parameters of the environment in the sea surface in different months of the warm season. Organic carbon content was calculated from the mean cell volume for each type of algae on equations (Strathmann, 1967; Menden-Deuer, 2000). Chlorophyll a concentration was measured using fluorimetric technique (Protocol JIGOFS, 1994). Studies have shown that the degree of spatial and temporal variability of the C/chl. a ratio was not the same in the different periods of the year. The minimum values of this parameter (30-72) have been observed usually in the coastal zone dominated by smaller species of Bacillariophyta and Haptophyta. The maximum values (240-330) marked in the areas farthest from the coast, dominated by Dinophyta and larger species of Bacillariophyta. Quantitative estimates show that 65 to 78 % of the variability of this parameter due to differences in light conditions in the upper quasi-homogeneous layer, as well as the heterogeneity of taxonomic and size structure of phytoplankton. The results suggest the need to consider the variability of the C/chl. a ratio for the assessment of phytoplankton biomass on concentration of chlorophyll a.
O.V. Sytar, O.P. Olkhovych, O.V. Karaushu, R. Storandt, P. Waldeck, N.Yu. Taran
FEATURES OF CELL METABOLISM OF CHLAMYDOMONAS REINHARDTII CC-124 WILD STRAIN [137C] UNDER MIXOTROPHIC AND PHOTOTROPHIC CULTIVATION
The features of cell metabolism were studied in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii CC-124 wild strain [137c]. It is a mutant for genes nit1 and nit2, characterized by insensitivity to the nitrate medium under phototrophic and mixotrophic cultivation. It was found that, in terms of chlorophyll and sulpholipid content in the cells of
Ch. reinhardtii, phototrophic conditions of cultivation were the best. Total content of amino acids in Ch. reinhardtii had increased 1.5 times during the transition from photo- to mixotrophic nutrition. Among the studied amino acids, five are essential: valine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, methionine, and leucine. Under phototrophic conditions, quantitative content of essential amino acids increased nearly twice. The ratio of the amount of non-essential to essential amino acids during phototrophic nutrition equaled 3.27, while mixotrophic – 2.56. This indicates an increase of essential amino acids content and a better-balanced composition of amino acids under mixotrophic conditions of cultivation. The possibility of regulation of specific metabolites of
Ch. reinhardtii CC-124 wild strain [137c] production by means of certain cultivation conditions is discussed.
I.M. Mansurova
EFFECT OF LIGHT INTENSITY ON THE CONTENT OF CHLOROPHYLL A, CARBON AND NITROGEN IN SOME SPECIES OF DINOPHYTA FROM THE BLACK SEA (CRIMEA)
Paper investigates the light effect on the content of chlorophyll a, carbon, nitrogen and the cell volume of dinoflagellates. Basic research in this area carried out on diatoms or on a limited number of dinoflagellates. Therefore research we carried out in this work was made on six dinoflagellates species: Prorocentrum cordatum Ostf. Dodge, P. micans Ehrenb., P. pusillum (Schiller) Dodge & Bibby, Gyrodinium fissum (Lev.) Kof. et Sw., Scrippsiella trochoidea (Stein) Loeb. and Heterocapsa triquetra (Ehrenb.) Stein. Algae were grown in a medium f/2 at the temperature of 19-22 °С
and five different intensities of continuous light in the range of PAR 10-344 µE·m-2·s-1, microalgae were kept in the exponential growth phase. Decrease of chl. a per cell and per unit of carbon of 2 times for G. fissum and H. triquetra to 5 times for P. micans and P. pusillum was observed by increasinsg the light intensity. For most species the C/N ratio increased in 1.2-1.4 times. For each investigated light intensity a high degree of dependence of intracellular chl. a, organic carbon and nitrogen of the cell volume revealed. The equation based on our data was obtained that allowed us to calculate the content of carbon by volume of the dinoflagellate cells.
O.N. Vinogradova
REPRESENTATIVES OF STIGONEMATALES IN THE FLORA OF UKRAINE: DIVERSITY, ECOLOGY, TAXONOMIC POSITION
The information about the diversity of representatives of the order Stigonematales Geitler in the flora of Ukraine are analyzed in the light of modern ideas about the taxonomy, ecology, phylogeny and position of the true branching forms in the system of heterocystous cyanoprocaryotes.
Critical revision of historical and contemporary data on their findidngs in Ukraine revealed 14 species of true branching cyanobacteria belonging to seven genera and four families of monophyletic group Nostochophycidae. Family Hapalosiphonaceae is the most diverse (3 genera) followed by Stigonemataceae (2),
Capsosiraceae and Symphyonemataceae (one genus and one species in each). Genus Stigonema C. Agardh ex Bornet & Flahault in Ukraine is represented by eight species of ten known in Europe; the rest contain one species each. Most of revealed species are subaerophytes, mostly occurring in the marsh
ecosystems, three species are known as freshwater, and two species (Brachytrichia quoyi Bornet et Flahault and Mastigocoleus testarum Lagerh.) occur in the seas on limestones; the latter refers to a group of boring euendoliths. In Ukraine, very rare species were found: Capsosira brebissonii Kütz. ex
Bornet & Flahault and Pulvinularia suecica Borzi are known in the world by single finds, Fischerella major Gomont was recorded in Europe only three times. Stigonema intermedium N. Kondrat. until now known only from Ukraine: the species first was described as the inhabitant of drying up sites
of hypnum-sedge bogs in Western Polesie; later it was found again on dripping rocks in the Crimean Mountains.
Yu.V. Bryantseva, A.F. Krakhmalnyi, V.N. Velikova, A.V. Sergeeva
DINOFLAGELLATES IN THE SEVASTOPOL COASTAL ZONE (BLACK SEA, CRIMEA)
The first microalgae inventory of the Sevastopol Bay and neighboring the Black Sea coastal waters dates back to 1886 and includes 16 species. In 1948, Morozova-Vodyanitskaya published the first retrospective analysis of the Black Sea phytoplankton, which included 90 species of dinoflagellates of the Sevastopol area. In the following decades, such studies were sustained by IBSS scientists and during the last twenty five years Sevastopol Bay and adjacent coastal waters monitoring became regular. Recently, the most comprehensive list of dinoflagellates of the Sevastopol Bay included 87 species and was based on the research of Senicheva in 1983-2006. For the same area the observations of Manzhos in 2001-2002 and 2006-2007 resulted in a list of dinoflagellates with 60 and 54 taxons correspondingly, (including those which were identified at species level). In 2008-2014, during the monthly ecological monitoring of Sevastopol coastal waters, performed by the Biophysical Ecology Department of the IBSS NASU, 86 dinoflagellate taxa were identified (74 species and additionally 12 taxa to genus level and above). They belong to 28 genera, 18 families, 7 orders and 2 classes. In terms of species number, dominating genera were: Protoperidinium Berg. (14), Dinophysis Ehrenb., Gymnodinium F. Stein, Prorocentrum Ehrenb. (each represented by 7 species) and Gonyaulax Diesing – 6 species. Out of the total number (74), 20 species are bioluminescent and most of them belong to genus Protoperidinium. In this paper we present a comparative analysis of historical and modern data and a first comprehensive check list of dinoflagellate species of the Sevastopol coastal area, based on a compilation of personal species identifications and results of all previous studies in these waters. Our list consists of 66 synonyms, 156 valid species and infraspecific taxa related to 49 genera, 29 families, 11 orders and 3 classes. Over the entire period under review (1886-2014) 26 bioluminescent species have been reported. After more than a century of phytoplankton research in the Sevastopol coastal area (the Black Sea), significant differences were found both in a number of species and in species composition enlisted in different sources, which required clarification and update of species names in line with modern taxonomy so that to correctly assess the phytoplankton diversity in the area of interest.
А.N. Мironyuk, F.P. Тkachenko, К.B. Sardaryan
BENTHIC ALGAE OF THE FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS OF THE TILIGULSKIY REGIONAL LANDSCAPE PARK (UKRAINE)
Tiligulskiy Regional Landscape Park (TRLP) is a territory with well-preserved natural systems characterized by high diversity of flora and fauna. They are protected at both the national and international level. Its freshwater and floral component plays the major role in the functioning of the wetland park. The species diversity of benthic algae freshwater Tiligul Regional Landscape Park has been investigated. Investigations were carried out in 2013-2014 in fresh water areas included in the TRLP: lower reaches of the river Tiligul (near the village of Berezovka, sat Viktorovka and Kosovka) Big Tsaregol (near Tashino) Small Tsaregol (near Anatolyevka) Balaychuk (near Cairy), the flooded Lakes (near villages Marianovka and Kosovka). There were 87 samples of phytobenthos collected in total on different substrates. Taxonomic and ecological geographical analyses of the identified species were made. We identified 180 species and infraspecific taxa of algae, which refer to 8 departments, 12 classes, 26 orders, 43 families and 77 genera. The greatest diversity of algal speices were found in larger bodies of water park (Tiligul River), and the smallest – were in small and quickly ephemeral waters (rivers Small Tsaregol and Balaychuk). These reservoirs are characterized by a diatomaceous-blue-green-green complex of species of phyto-benthos. Ecological characteristics of the surveyed area are performed. Most of the identified species of algae are inhabitants of moderately polluted waters (mezosaprobs – 107, oligosaprobs – 12, izosaprob – 1), but the presence of 14 species of α-mezosaprobs indicates tense ecological situation in some waters. The whole structure of algal flora of the investigated waters characterizes them as the water mesosaprobic, standing-flowing, medium strongly mineralized, moderately alkaline.
S.I. Genkal, M.I. Yarushina
A STUDY OF FLORA OF BACILLARIOPHYTA IN WATER BODIES AND WATER COURSES OF THE NADUIYAKHA RIVER BASIN (YAMAL PENINSULA, RUSSIA)
At present, aquatic ecosystems of the Yamal Peninsula are suffering from increasing anthropogenic loads. For this reason, the study of diatom algae dominating in phytoplankton is necessary in the ecological monitoring of ecosystems. This paper presents the first data on the species composition of Bacillariophyta in low mineralized lakes, channels, brooks, and streams of the Naduiyakha River basin in the Yamal Peninsula, which has been poorly studied with respect to algology. The scanning electron microscopy study of phytoplankton from these waterbodies and watercourses reveals 249 specific and infraspecific taxa of diatom algae from 54 genera. A total of 19 species and varieties new for the flora of Russia are recorded; 49 forms from 25 genera are identified only to the genus. The maximum species diversity is recorded in Lake Nagarka-Nyavasito (82) and the Yunetayakha River (102). The following species are the most widespread in the waterbodies under study: Asterionella formosa Hassall, Aulacoseira subarctica (O. Müll.) E.Y. Haw., Cymbopleura peranglica Kramer, Nitzschia alpina Hust., Tabellaria flocculosa Roth (Kütz.).
№2 (2016)
Aisha K. & Shameel M.
STUDIES ON THE GENERA JOLYNA GUIMARÃES AND ROSENVINGEA BØRGESEN (SCTOSIPHONALES) FROM COASTAL WATERS OF KARACHI (PAKISTAN)
During a large survey of various coastal areas of Karachi (Pakistan) in the northern Arabian Sea carried out from September 1989 to October 1993,
thalloid and epilithic species of the brown algal genera Jolyna Guimarães and Rosenvingea Børgesen were collected. Herbarium specimens of the previous collections made during February 1956 and February 1970 were also utilized. As a result of taxonomic investigation of the collected specimens four foliose and tubular species were identified. They included Jolyna laminarioides Guimarães, Rosevingea intricata (J. Agardh) Børgesen, R. orientalis (J. Agardh) Børgesen and R. sanctae-crucis Børgesen, which were examined in detailed for their morphology, anatomy and reproduction.
Among them R. intricata and R. sanctae-crucis have been taxonomically described for the first time from the seashore of Pakistan.
Kozel N.V., Manankina E.E., Viazau Y.V., Dremuk I.A., Savina S.M., Adamchyk K.O.
ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEM OF SPIRULINA PLATENSIS (NORDST.) GEITLER UNDER THE LED LIGHTING OF DIFFERENT SPECTRAL COMPOSITIONS
Optimization of the spectral composition of photosynthetically active light sources is highly relevant in the biotechnological production of commercially valuable species of algae, particularly blue-green algae Spirulina platensis. The aim of the research was to study the functioning of the antioxidant system of S. platensis algae cultivated under LED light sources with different spectral composition. Analysis of changes of productivity, as well as chlorophyll, phycocyanin, carotenoids, tocopherols, glutathione amounts and activity of ascorbate peroxidase, catalase and glutathione reductase in the cells of S. platensis grown under LED lighting has been done. The effect of LED lighting with different spectral composition on the state of the main components of the antioxidant system of S. platensis has been studied. Reduction of the antioxidant status of cells of the S. platensis algae cultivated under LED illumination with various combinations of red, yellow and blue LEDs is revealed. It is shown that, when using blue LEDs as a source of photosynthetically active light the growth of S. platensis is inhibited. It is revealed that under the conditions of an excess of red light in spite of the substantial (by 30 %) increase in the productivity of S. platensis, decrease in phycocyanin content in cells in relation to other pigments takes place. Application of an illuminator with yellow and two blue spectral bands in addition to the red light leads to increase in the productivity of S. platensis by 17 % compared to white light, as well as increase in production of valuable antioxidant phycocyanin in algae cells by more than 15 %. It was found that the samples with increased productivity, grown under the red, combined red and blue light, and under illuminator emitting red, yellow and two types of blue light, had decreased amount of low-molecular antioxidant tocopherol, as well as lower activities of antioxidant enzymes ascorbate peroxidase and catalase, while application only blue light for growing S. platensis causes a decrease in the amount of reduced glutathione and activity of the glutathione reductase.
Kureishevich A.V., Nezbrytskaya I.N., Stanislavchuk A.V.
ACTIVITY OF ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES OF CYANOPROKARYOTA AND GREEN MICROALGAE WHEN CULTURING UNDER DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS
The effect of different temperature conditions of cultivation (20, 26 and 32 °C) on the activity of antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathioneperoxidase (GPO), of some species of Сyanoprokaryota (Aphanocapsa planctonica (G.M. Sm.) Komárek et Anagn., Phormidium autumnale (С. Agardh) Gomont f. uncinata (С. Agardh) N.V. Kondrat.) and Chlorophyta ( Desmodesmus communis (E. Hegew.) E. Hegew., Tetraedron caudatum (Corda) Hansg.). was studied. The activity of antioxidant enzymes depends on the temperature, culture age and species affiliation. At the maxim al temperature (32 °C), as compared to 20 and 26 °C, the activity of SOD, CAT and GAP in Сyanoprokaryota and green microalgae was significantly inhibited, especially in older cultures. It has been shown that under the studied temperature s the peake of SOD and CAT activity of both representatives of Cyanoprokaryota and Chlorophyta do not coincide, and m ainly are in the antiphase. A t 20 and 26 °C in older cultures of Cyanoprokaryota and Chlorophyta t he enzymatic activity of GAP is significantly higher as compared to younger ones. At the same time, at the maxim al temperature (32 °C) its enzym atic activity was almost completely inhibited.
G.G. Lilitskaya
BACILLARIOPHYTA OF SMALL WATER BODIES OF KIEV (UKRAINE). 1. NAVICULALES
The aim of this research is study of modern species diversity of Naviculales (Bacillariophyta) of Kiev small water bodies were investigated using electronic and light microscopy with current nomenclature changes; detect changes in species composition of Naviculales for almost a hundred years. Data about Bacillariophyta, including diatoms of small water bodies of Kiev are in many articles since 1921. According to the literature data in the water bodies, 66 species of Naviculales were found, 1/3 of which was provided genus Navicula Bory and 1/3 – genus Pinnularia Ehrenb. To date, however, many of the studied reservoirs have ceased to exist, on other ones have increased anthropogenic stress or anthropogenic load changed its character. Algological materials were collected by accepted algological methods, in water bodies of different types (small rivers, streams, springs, canals, ditches, ponds, lakes, flood water bodies, puddles), in different seasons. Samples were being placed in a saturated solution of potassium dichromate in sulfuric acid or being boiled in concentrated sulfuric acid. Research of the samples carried out using a light microscope Studar (Poland) and scanning electron microscope JSM-6060 LA (Japan). Photomicrographs were taken et scanning microscope JSM-6060LA. In small reservoirs of Kiev was found 78 species, which respondent 24 genera and 12 families. First place in the floristic range occupied genus Navicula (18 species, 23 %), the second – genus Stauroneis (9 species, 11.5 %), the third – Pinnularia (6 species, 7.7 %). 37 species are new for region, 4 – for Ukraine (Navicula antonii Lange-Bert, N. caterva Hohn et Hellerman, N. upsalensis (Grunow) Perag., Stauroneis subgracilis Ehrenb.). According to total (own and literary) data in small water bodies of Kiev 110 Naviculales species from 25 genera and 12 families were found. To the present tense the species structure of Naviculales had undergone some changes: as result of the disappearance of peat bogs and boggy ponds had noticeably decreased the diversity of algae of the genus Pinnularia.
Krakhmalnyi A.F., Wasser S.P., Krakhmalnyi M.A., Nevo E.
DINOFLAGELLATA (DINOPHYTA) OF THE MEDITTERANEAN SEA COASTAL WATERS IN HAIFA AREA (ISRAEL)
Data on species composition and morphology of Dinoflagellata (Dinophyta) of the Mediterranean Sea coastal waters of Israel (Haifa) are presented. To date, Dinoflagellata of the Mediterranean Sea are studied mostly in its western and central regions. The eastern part of the sea is less explored; data on the dinoflagellates of the coastal waters of Israel were absent. In order to fill this gap in May-June 2015 we sampled plankton in the coastal area of the Mediterranean Sea near Haifa. Samples were collected using plankton net in the 50-100 m from the shore at a depth of 0.5-3 m. Totally 28 species (29 infraspecific taxa) belonging to 1 class, 6 orders, 10 families, and 11 genera were identified in plankton of the studied area. Amphidiniopsis cf. rotundata Hoppenrath et Selina, Ceratium contortum var. karstenii (Pav.) Sournia, C. horridum var. buceros (Zach.) Sournia, C. tripos f. tripodoides Jörg., and Prorocentrum сf. elegans M.A. Faust are first reported for the Mediterranean Sea. Four potentially toxic species, namely: Dinophysis caudata Saville – Kent, D. rotundatum Clap. et J. Lachm., Ostreopsis ovata Fukuyo, and Prorocentrum сf. elegans M.A. Faust are discussed. Morphological descriptions and micrphotographs of identified taxa are presented.
Romanenko E.A., Kosakovskaya I.V., Romanenko P.A.
PHYTOHORMONES OF MICROALGAE: BIOLOGICAL ROLE AND INVOLVEMENT IN THE REGULATION OF PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES. PT II. CYTOKININS AND GIBBERELLINS
The literature data about the features of the biosynthesis, qualitative and quantitative diversity, involvement in the regulation of physiological and biochemical processes, the prospects for use of microalgae cytokinins (CKs) and gibberellins (GA) in biotechnological developments have been analyzed and summarized. 45 microalgae species, belonging to 5 divisions, were revealed to have 37 forms of CKs. The qualitative composition and quantitative content of microalgae CKs are shown to be strongly affected by light conditions and the presence of an energy source in the culture medium. The main biological functions of microalgae CKs include stimulation of cell division, the activation of growth processes, increased photosynthetic activity. Microalgae cytokinin protective properties that provide protection for cell division and the photosynthetic apparatus under stress conditions were found. The problem of microalgae cytokinins biosynthesis is still controversial and their interaction with other phytohormone classes is little-investigated. Gibberellins were discovered in 31 microalgae species, 20 hormone isoforms were identified. Microalgae GA physiological effects are similar to those of higher plants and exhibit in a lag phase reduction and stimulation of cell growth and division, biomass increase, accumulation of proteins and pigments, reduction of heavy metals effects.
№3 (2016)
Ryabushko V.I., Zheleznova S.N., Gevorgiz R.G., Bobko N.I.,
Lelekov A.S.
THE MEDIUM FOR INTENSIVE CULTURE OF THE DIATOM CYLINDROTHECA CLOSTERIUM (EHRENB.) REIMANN ET LEWIN (BACILLARIOPHYTA)
The proposed medium was developed specially for intensive culture of the diatom Cylindrotheca closterium (Ehrenb.) Reimann et Lewin. The averages of nitrogen, phosphorus, and silicon demand for the culture were calculated using data from the chemical analysis of the microalgal biomass. Growth limitation by nitrogen provoked agglutination of the microalgal cells. High concentrations of iron did not inhibit growth of C. closterium. Organic nitrogen present in the medium can be due to biosynthesis of exometabolites. During the stationary growth phase, the total and organic nitrogen in the medium were evaluated 28 mg·L-1 and 17.8 mg·L-1, correspondingly. The average loss of nitrogen in the culture was estimated at 10 %. The maximal dry biomass harvested from the diatom was 4.6 g·L-1 and the productivity – 1 g·L-1·d-1. The new medium allows growing dense cultures of C. closterium with a larger biomass and therefore a proportionally larger yield of valuable biologically active substances, e.g., polyunsaturated fatty acids and carotenoids, primarily fucoxanthin.
Pomazkina G.V., Rodionova E.V.
TAXOCENOSIS STRUCTURE AND DIVERSITY OF DIATOMS IN THE LITTORAL ZONE OF LAKE BAIKAL AT THE CONFLUENCE OF THE RIVERS (RUSSIA)
We present the results of the study of diatoms in microphytobenthos from Lake Baikal in the areas of confluence of the Upper Angara, Kichera, Barguzin, Selenga, Kultuchnaya, Pokhabikha, and the Slyudyanka rivers. A total of 465 taxa of Bacillariophyta were identified by means of light and scanning electron microscopy; among them, 226 taxa are first cited for the lake and 56 are new for science. In the studied area, most of the species found are known cosmopolites inhabiting neutral and slightly alkaline environments. A species whose distribution is limited to Lake Baikal or water bodies of the Baikal Rift Zone accounted for 20 % of the revealed diversity. The Selenga, the Upper Angara, and the Kichera rivers enrich the composition of the benthic community by rheophilic and epiphytic diatoms, which, however, does not reach high values of abundance. Diatom flora of the southern tributaries of Lake Baikal has no significant impact on the composition of the phytoepilithon.
Lilitskaya G.G.
BACILLARIOPHYTA OF SMALL WATER BODIES OF KIEV (UKRAINE). 2. ARAPHID DIATOMS: FRAGILARIACEAE, DIATOMACEAE, TABELLARIACEAE
The paper is a continuation of a series of publications devoted to diatoms of the city of Kiev. It presents data on species diversity of araphid genera from families Fragilariaceae, Diatomaceae, and Tabellariaceae studied by TEM and light microscopy. In literature, 24 species (27 infraspecific taxa) of fragillarian diatoms from 10 genera are cited for small water bodies of Kiev. Our study revealed 38 species (39 infraspecific taxa) from 13 genera of araphid diatoms including three taxa, which were not identified on the species level. Opephora guenter-grasii (Witkowski et Lange-Bert.) Sabbe et Vyverman, P. polonica(Witak et Lange-Bert.) Morales et Edlund, and Punctistriata glubokoensis D.M. Williams et al. are first records for Ukraine. Two species are new records for the Forest zone of Ukraine, and one variety is new for the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine. One species, Pseudostaurosira ovalis sp. n., was described as new for science. Meridion ovatum typification on original material was done for this rare and dubious species. In the floristic spectrum no genera are distinctly dominant: the number of species decreases gradually by one. Genus Fragilaria Lyngb. ranks first (6 species or 16.7 %) followed by Ulnaria and Pseudostaurosira (5 species or 13.5 % each). The most common species in small water bodies of Kiev were cosmopolitan representatives of genera Ulnaria and Fragilaria. According to the generalized literary and original data, 43 species from 14 genera of araphid Bacillariophyta were found in small reservoirs of Kiev. Their descriptions, localities, and distribution are given.
Belous E.P.
PHYTOPLANKTON TAXONOMIC STRUCTURE OF THE LOWER PART OF THE SOUTHERN BUG RIVER (UKRAINE)
Investigations for the study of phytoplankton on the lower portion of the Southern Bug river were conducted in 2013-2014. According to the results of original studies, species richness in this section of the river is 210 species, represented by 219 taxa (infraspecific taxa). The basis of the phytoplankton taxonomic structure are formed by representatives of divisions Chlorophyta (42.4 %), Bacillariophyta (32.9 %), Cyanoprokaryota (10.5 %) and Euglenophyta (5.7 %). Main genera are Desmodesmus, Navicula, Euglena, Nitzschia, Coelastrum, Phacus, Acutodesmus, Monoraphidium, Oocystis and Cyclotella. According to the generalized data (including information from literature (1941-2004) and results of our investigations (2013-2014), phytoplankton of lower portion of the river is formed by 332 species (365 infr. taxa) from 10 divisions. Basis of species composition constitute Bacillariophyta – 143 species (157 infr. taxa) or 43.1 % from total amount of registered taxons of species rank, Chlorophyta – 99 species (111 infr. taxa) or 29.8 %,
Сyanoprokaryota – 34 species or 10.2 % and Euglenophyta (28 species (33 infr. taxa) or 8.4 %. Less diverse were such divisions as Charophyta – 11 species 12 infr. taxa or 3.3 %,
Dinophyta – 8 species 9 infr. taxa or 2.4 %), Xanthophyta – 4 species or 1.2 %, Chrysophyta – 3 species or 0.9 %,Cryptophyta and Raphidophyta by one species or 0.3 %. The composition and taxonomic structure of algae identified in the plankton were analyzed in order to determine changes occurring at present and their comparison with the earlier stage of development of the River. Comparison of original and literature data indicates a shift in the dominant set of taxonomic groups from diatom to green algae. Evidently, it is caused by changes in the hydrological regime of the watercourse – the flow rate, the trophic level and the like, as a result of anthropogenic pressure on this stretch of the river channel and a number of other factors. To interesting floristic findings of the lower portion of the river can be attributed Aulacoseira subarctica (O. Müll.)
E.Y. Haw., Cyclotella meduanae Germ., Navicula heimansioides Lange-Bert. and Phormidium regelii (Skuja) Anagn. et Komárek.
Gerasimyuk V.P.
MICROSCOPIC ALGAE OF ZMIINYI ISLAND (THE BLACK SEA, Ukraine)
141 species of algae have been found in the coastal waters of the Zmiinyi Island. 130 species of them were registered in microphytobenthos of the water area, but 11 species in overgrowning of stones near stream on the island. Many of the species found belong to diatoms (118 species), blue-green algae (16) and green (3) algae. One species of diatoms Caloneis molaris (Grunow) Krammer and one variation Planothidium minutissimum var. affinis (Grunow) Bukht. were new for the water area of the Black Sea. In relation to substrates of algae was as follows: silt (91 species), mussel shells (83), macrophytes (43), sand (17), stones (15). Algal flora of the coastal waters of the Zmiinyi Island is a brackish-marine, alkaliphiles and β-mesosaprobic.
Solonenko A.N.
ALGAE OF DIFFERENT BIOTOPES OF THE ARABAT SPIT, AZOV SEA (UKRAINE)
The article presents materials about algae structure of various polygons
on the Arabat Spit. There were found 30 species of algae, represented by four phyla: Cyanoprokaryota (66.7 %
of the total number of identified species), Bacillariophyta (13.3 %), Chlorophyta (16.7 %), Xanthophyta (3.3 %).
Distinct features of their biotopical occurrence and relation to salinity and pH-value are shown. It was investigated that l ist of species shows
hydrophilic-amphibial features and algae grow in the conditions of variable salinity and water regimes. There were found 9 algal communities in different
habitats of the researched polygons. Dominants of algal communities were cyanoprocaryotic and green algae. Cyanoprokaryota Lyngbya aestuarii formed
macroscopic growth in all biotopes excepting the water column and was represented by slime and continuous film from yellow-green to black colors.
Olshtynskaya A.P. & Stefanskaya T.A.
THE FIRST RECORD OF BACILLARIOPHYTA IMPRINTS ON SHELLS OF FORAMINIFERA SPIROPLECTAMMINA CUSHMAN (LOWER OLIGOCENE OF THE SOUTHERN UKRAINE)
Numerous imprints of valves and inner cores of diatoms were revealed by means of scanning electron microscope on the shells of fossil agglutinating foraminifera Spiroplectammina from the Lower Oligocene deposits of Southern Ukraine. Taxonomic composition of Bacillariophyta used by foraminifera to build their sceletons is given. We identified representatives of at least ten genera including Paralia Heib., Radialiplicata
(Z.I. Glezer) Z.I. Glezer, Pseudopodosira A.P. Jousé, Trochosira Kitton, Actinoptychus Ehrenb., Sceptronei Ehrenb. We discuss a possible generic composition
and ecological preferences of siliceous algae present in the surface layer of bottom sediments of Maikop basin.
Kapustin D.A., Gusev E.S.
CHRYSODIDYMUS PROWSE (CHRYSOPHYCEAE, SYNURALES), A NEW GENUS FOR THE UKRAINIAN ALGAL FLORA
This brief report deals with the finding of Chrysodidymus Prowse, a new genus of chrysophytes for the Ukrainian
algal flora, which has been found on the territory of “Dermansko-Ostrozkyi” National Nature Park (Rivne Region, Ukraine). Chrysodidymus synuroideus Prowse was revealed by means of SEM. The paper is illustrated by the original micrographs. The genus Chrysodidymus Prowse was described from the acid swamps in Malaysia in 1962 and since then it was found in many places on the Earth.
Nevertheless the records of Ch. synuroideus are very restricted in Europe. We analyzed published micrographs of the scales of Ch. synuroideus and revealed that genus consists of two rather than one species, one of which is distributed in the temperate zone and the second one is restricted to tropics and subtropics. For the further revision of the genus Chrysodidymus it should be typified.
№4 (2016)
Mikhailyuk T.I., Vinogradova O.N., Glaser K., Karsten U.
NEW TAXA FOR THE FLORA OF UKRAINE, IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERN APPROACHES TO TAXONOMY OF CYANOPROKARYOTA/CYANOBACTERIA
In biological soil crusts from coastal sites of Ukraine a number of interesting cyanobacterial morphotypes were recorded. Characterization of seven original strains using molecular, morphological, and ecological information revealed that they belong to newly described genera of the orders Synechococcales (Oculatella Zammit, Billi et Albertano and Nodosilinea Perkerson et Casamatta) and Nostocales (Roholtiella M. Bohunická, Pietrasiak et Johansen). In phylogenetic analyses using sequences of the 16S rRNA gene, all Ukrainian strains could be assigned to clades of the corresponding genera with a high degree of support in the Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood analyses. However, their species-level identification has been successful only for one strain of the genus Roholtiella. The phylogeny based on the 16S rRNA gene concatenated with the 16S-23S ITS region of the original strain and 12 published strains of Roholtiella showed that the Ukrainian strain is closely related to R. edaphica Bohunická et Lukešová. Its rRNA secondary structure of the Box B and V3 helices of the 16S-23S ITS region, and of nucleotide sequences flanking them, in main features correspond to R. edaphica.Original strains of genera Oculatella and Nodosilinea were quite similar to each other by the nucleotide sequences of the 16S rRNA gene. But, phylogenetic trees based on the 16S-23S ITS region of both original and published strains of these genera indicated that our isolates might represent new species as they form highly supported distinct clades. The findings of three new genera for the flora of Ukraine demonstrate the importance of using modern approaches for the assessment of real diversity of cyanobacteria in nature.
Krivosheia О.N., Vlasiuk M.N.
FIRST DATA ON BACILLARIOPHYTA OF INTERNATIONAL BIOSPHERE RESERVE “ROZTOCZE” (UKRAINE)
Paper deals with data on results of diatom study in water bodies of Ukrainian part of International Biosphere Reserve “Roztocze”. Ninety-six species of Bacillariophyta represented by 98 infraspecific taxa were revealed in peryphyton of various water bodies of the reserve. Taxonomically they belong to three classes (Coscinodiscophyceae, Mediophyaceae and Bacillariophyceae), 5 subclasses (Coscinodiscophycidae, Talassiosirophycidae, Fragilariophycidae, Eunotiophycidae, Bacillariophycidae) 14 orders (Melosirales, Aulacoseirales, Thalassiosirales, Fragilariales, Tabellariales, Eunotiales, Mastogloiales, Cymbellales, Achnanthales, Naviculales, Thalassiophysales, Bacillariales, Rhopalodiales, Surirellales), 26 families and 48 genera. Their species diversity, taxonomic composition, details of occurrence in water bodies of various types, ecological and regional peculiarities are discussed. Three species are first cited for Ukraine: Sellaphora schadei (Krasske) C.E. Wetzel, L. Ector, B. Van de Vijver, Compère et D.G. Mann, Encyonopsis subminuta Krammer et E. Reichardt and
Cymbella subturgidula Krammer. For noteworthy records original descriptions, micrographs and details of their sozological status are presented.
Evseeva N.V.
ADDITIONAL DATA OF ALGAE-MACROPHYTES FROM SOUTH SAKHALIN AND THE SOUTH KURIL ISLANDS (RUSSIA)
The results of floristic investigations conducted in 1989-2015 were added to the list of algae macrophytes in the coastal zone of south Sakhalin and south Kuril Islands. Thirty-four new species of algae macrophytes for the south Kuril Islands and 23 new species for south Sakhalin were introduced. Totally 304 of benthic seaweeds are known in the littoral and upper sublittoral of the South Kuril Islands. Species composition of algal flora of the coastal zone of south-eastern Sakhalin (including Aniva Bay) includes 246 species.
Borisova E.V.
ANALYSIS OF THE FLORA OF CHARALES (CHAROPHYTA) OF UKRAINE
The flora of Charales of Ukraine was analyzed in terms of taxonomic structure, ecological peculiarities, and geographical distribution. A total of 40 species were revealed belonging to Chara L. (24), Lamprothamnium J. Groves (1), Lychnothamnus (Rupr.) Leonh. emend. A. Braun (1), Nitella C. Agardh (9), Nitellopsis Hy (1), and Tolypella (A. Braun) A. Braun (4). Zonal differentiation in the distribution of genera and species of Charales was shown. Genera Chara and Nitella form the basis of the flora; the ratio of their species differs depending on physiographic regions of Ukraine. Each region has a peculiar complex of the most frequent species. In Ukrainian Polissia the most common species are Chara globularis Thuill. and Nitella flexelis (L.) C. Agardh. C. vulgaris L., C. globularis, and C. virgata Kütz. are typical for the zone of deciduous forests. Chara vulgaris, C. globularis, and N. mucronata (A. Braun) Miq. in H.C. Hall are widely distributed in the forest-steppe zone. Chara canescens Desv. et Loisel. in Loisel., C. hispida L., C. vulgaris, and Nitellopsis obtusa (Desv. in Loisel.) J. Groves are common in the steppe region. C. intermedia
A. Braun and Laprothamnium papulosum (Wallr.) J. Groves frequently occur in the Ukrainian coastal waters of the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea. The effect of ecological and anthropogenic factors on species diversity and zonal distribution of Charales were shown. The geographic analysis of the Charales flora of Ukraine using the geographic elements developed for non-vascular plants showed its boreal-nemoral nature.
Tsarenko P.M., Ennan A.A., Shichalyeyeva G.N., Barinova S.S., Gerasimiuk V.P., Ryzhko V.E.
CYANOPROKARYOTA OF THE KUYALNIK ESTUARY ECOSYSTEM (UKRAINE)
The role and significance of aquatic-terrestrial Cyanoprokaryota in the ecosystem of the Kuyalnik Estuary (the northwestern coast of the Black Sea) are discussed. The ecosystem is characterized by sharp fluctuations in hydrological regime, water area, and salinity of water and soil; also, it undergoes strong antropogenous pollution. In this area 94 taxa of Cyanoprokaryota were revealed during long-term observations. Most of the taxa (53.2%) belong to subclass Oscillatoriophycideae. Representatives of Synechococcophycideae (27.7%) and Nostococcophycideae (19.1%) are less diverse. Peculiarities of spatial and temporal distribution of cyanobacteria in the estuary are analyzed. The most diverse and abundant are cyanoprocaryotes in benthic communities. Macroscopic cyanobacterial films may be involved in the process of formation of peloids. It was confirmed that cyanoprocaryotes play a leading role in the aquatic and terrestrial biotopes of the estuary basin due to their environmental sustainability and lability to the fluctuations of salinity, pH, and temperature. Peculiarities of their distribution in the area and the main environmental factors affecting the formation of their species composition are discussed.
Zarina A., Shameel M.
TAXONOMIC STUDY OF THE FAMILY ZYGNEMACEAE FROM THE PUNJAB PROVINCE, PAKISTAN
Six filamentous green macro-algal species of six genera belonging to the family Zygnemaceae, order Zygnemales, class Zygnemophyceae (phylum Chlorophycota) were collected from different freshwater habitats along the G.T. Road between Shahdara and Gujranwala, in the Punjab Province of Pakistan during March 2011. They were taxonomically and cytologically examined. All the species were found to grow in the spring season, which exhibited poor growth in the water of pH 8 (slightly alkaline). Most of the species are being first revealed in the place of collection, while this is the first report of occurrence of the genus Temnogyra I.F. Lewis and its species T. liana (Transeau) Yamagishi in Pakistan as well as Sirogonium stricticum (Smith) Kütz.
Matveyev A.V.
THE REVISION OF TAXONOMIC COMPOSITION OF CRETACEOUS CALCAREOUS NANNOPLANKTON OF SOUTHERN UKRAINE
The study of calcareous nannoplankton in Cretaceous deposits of the south of Ukraine was carried out. Prior to the present study 103 species of nannofossils was known in the Cretaceous samples of Ukraine. A study of the original samples, and the revision of the original and literature data on Cretaceous calcareous nannoplankton of Ukraine, according to Bown and Joung (1997), found 160 species and subspecies belonging to 73 genera, 21 families, and 5 orders. The order Eiffelithales Rood, Hay et Barnardis represented by 3 families, 17 genera, and 35 species including 5 genera and 5 species first cited for Ukraine. For the order Stephanolithales Bown et Young. 7 species from 4 genera of 1 family are known in Ukraine. The order Podorhabdales Rood Hay et Barnard is represented by 5 families, 23 genera, and 37 species; 8 genera and 14 species of this order are new records for Ukraine. The order Watznaueriales Bown contains 1 family, 4 genera, and 10 species. The order Arkhangelskiales Bown et Hampton is represented by 2 families, 4 genera, and 7 species; among them, 5 genera and 5 species were found in Ukraine for the first time. The group Nanolith includes representatives of 5 families, 15 genera, and 34 species; 2 genera and 9 species are first cited for Ukraine. The group Incertae sedis comprises 4 families, 6 genera, and 30 species. The taxonomic list of Cretaceous calcareous nannofossils with descriptions of revealed genera, families, and orders is given.
Genkal S.I., Yarushina M.I.
GOMPHOSPHENIA STOERMERI KOCIOLEK ET THOMAS (BACILLARIOPHYTA) IS A NEW SPECIES FOR THE FLORA OF RUSSIA
During the SEM study of diatoms in phytoplankton of aquatic ecosystems of the Mordyyakha River basin (Yamal Peninsula, Russia) interesting record was done. Gomphosphenia stoermeri is new genus and species for the flora of Russia. Until now, G. stoermeri was known only from a type location in the USA and few rivers in northern Sweden. Morphological observations of the Mordyyakha population of the species revealed the coincidence of the valve dimensions and difference in the number of striae in 10 µm comparing to published data. The paper presents supplemented description of G. stoermeri illustrated by SEM micrographs.
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