2017    №1  №2  №3  №4

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L.N. Bukhtiyarova

PLANOTHIDIUM BILENSIS SP. NOV. (BACILLARIOPHYTA) FROM THE SMALL POND IN KYIV MEGALOPOLIS, UKRAINE

Planothidium bilensis sp. nov. has unusual contacting valve with two lensoids, situated opposite to each other, and diagonal position of sternum. Both lensoids consist per one siliceous lense-like db- element and plain-convex lens-like hollow next to it. The main types and some kinds of the lensoids are discussed and new terms plain-convex lensoid (pc-lensoid) and biconvex lensoid (bc-lensoid) are suggested for morphological description of the diatom frustule. Variable morphology of the lensoids corresponds to species rank of taxonomy and may serve as a clear differentiating character for morphologically relative species. New species was found in the small pond in the landscape reserve “Island Zhukiv”, right bank valley of the Dnipro River, South boundary of Kyiv.

V.I. Ryabushko, S.N. Zheleznova, M.V. Nekhoroshev

EFFECT OF NITROGEN ON THE ACCUMULATION OF FUCOXANTHIN FROM DIATOM CYLINDROTHECA CLOSTERIUM (EHRENB.) REIMANN ET LEWIN

The effect of inorganic nitrogen content in the culture medium on accumulation of fucoxanthin (Fc) in the diatom Cylindrotheca closterium was studied. The Fc content in the biomass of the microalgae is determined in the transition to the stationary growth phase. Increase of the concentration of nitrogen in the medium F/2 promotes accumulation of fucoxanthin in the culture. With the concentration of sodium nitrate 225–300 mg∙L^-1 in the medium, the concentration of fucoxanthin in dry biomass of C. closterium is found to reach 15 mg∙g^-1. The maximum cell concentration is above 2∙106 cells ∙ mL^-1 and the average specific growth rate is 0.21 day^-1. Use of nutrient medium with high concentration of nitrogen allows obtaining the culture of C. closterium enriched with the biologically active substance fucoxanthin. Consequently, the diatom Cylindrotheca closterium can be regarded as a promising object in biotechnology.

E.I. Shnyukova, E.K. Zolotareva

ECOLOGICAL ROLE OF EXOPOLYSACCHARIDES OF BACILLARIOPHYTA: AREVIEW

The review deals with the role of Bacillariophyta in the formation of biofilms, the microbial communities immersed in matrix of sticky mucus secreted by them into the extracellular space and consisting of a complex of polymeric substances. We discuss the ecological function of biofilms in coastal ecosystems and estuarine areas, and the role of diatom exudates in the ecology of cells, inhabiting marine sediments and being an important source of carbohydrate components. More than half of the organic carbon incoming the ocean depths, a significant portion of which are soluble organic compounds, is a product of Bacillariophyta photosynthesis. Depending on external conditions and motility, diatoms can release into the environment substantial amounts of polymeric substances, mainly exopolysaccharides (EPS). One of the main ecological functions of EPS in aquatic ecosystems is bio-stabilization of sedimentary material, providing preservation of the structure of the intertidal zones subject to erosion.

Yu.V. Bryantseva

BACILLARIOPHYTA IN THE SEVASTOPOL COASTAL ZONE (BLACK SEA, CRIMEA)

This paper summarizes the results of original own research and analysis of published data on the species composition of planktonic and benthic diatoms from the coastal waters of Sevastopol and Sevastopol Bay. During monthly environmental monitoring, conducted in 2009-2014 by the Department of Biophysical Ecology, IBSS NAS of Ukraine, in Sevastopol coastal waters 48 Bacillariophyta species were identified. They belonged to 31 genera, 23 families, 18 orders and 3 classes. Among them, around 10 species dominated in number varying from season to season. However, the diatoms maximum abundances in 2008–2014 were significantly lower than in previous periods. The analysis of published data covered the period from 1903 to 2014. In bibliography, total 379 diatom species and sub-species (infraspecific taxa) were mentioned. We compiled their list and revised it according to modern taxonomy. In result, for the period of 111 years of observations the most comprehensive inventory of diatoms from the coastal waters of Sevastopol and Sevastopol Bay was produced. This inventory contains indications of reliability of species historical and recent findings, which is a valuable information for improving routine monitoring and species identification. The species list includes 334 species (379 infraspecific taxa) from 107 genera, 62 families, 32 orders and 3 classes Bacillariophyta. Eighty-five taxa are in need for further research and confirmation of previous records. Benthic diatoms are of low diversity and in phytoplankton the species richness is significant among the tikhopelagic forms (51%).

G.V. Pomazkina, E.V. Rodionova, T.A. Scherbakova & I.V. Khanaev

CHANGES OF MICROPHYTOBENTHOS IN LISTVENNICHNYI BAY, LAKE BAIKAL (RUSSIA)

Species composition, quantitative characteristics and algocoenosis structure of benthic diatoms were investigated due to violation of vegetation zones and mass development of filamentous Chlorophyta in Listvennichnyi Bay of Lake Baikal. Sampling was carried out in February and August 2015 along the section located at a depth of 4-8 m. It was found that the total number of Bacillariophyta remained at the level of that reported in the period before the advent of destructive phenomena in the littoral zone, observed since 2011. In the structure of Bacillariophyta algocoenosis we recorded a reduction of species diversity, including number of rare and endemic species, as well as the decrease in the proportion of oligosaprobionts. The dominant complex consisting of widely distributed species, prominent role belongs to Fragilaria capucina var. vaucheriae (Kütz.) L.-B., which is usually developed at a depth of 1.5 m.

D. Davydov

CYANOPROKARYOTES OF POLISARKA, PANA, VARZUGA RIVERS DISTRICT (MURMANSK REGION, RUSSIA)

Paper presents new data on terrestrial Cyanoprokaryota revealed on the banks of the Polisarka, Pana, Varzuga rivers on the Kola Peninsula, Murmansk Region. The region is one of the most studied in Russia in terms of species composition of Cyanoprokaryota (359 species), but hard-to-reach central area of Kola Peninsula is still poorly investigated. In shore ecotopes and terrestrial habitats in the forest adjacent to the rivers, 23 taxa of Cyanoprokaryota were revealed. Poor species diversity in all studied communities is typical for this area. The most diverse species composition was on the rocks, both wet and dry. Stigonema hormoides (Kütz.) Bornet et Flahault, S. informe (Kütz.) Bornet et Flahault, S. minutum (C. Agardh) Hassall ex Bornet et Flahault, S. ocellatum (Dillwyn) Thur. ex Bornet et Flahault were the most common species in the investigated samples. In the birch, spruce and pine forests soil Cyanoprokaryota were rare and not abundant. Interesting records are Asterocapsa sp. and Microchaete sp. revealed together with other cyanobacteria, lichens and mosses on wet rocks. Generalized original and literature data on Cyanoprokaryota of the Polisarka, Pana, Varzuga rivers district are discussed.

O.P. Bazhenova, Ya.I. Gulchenko

LONG-TERM SUCCESSION OF THE PHYTOPLANKTON OF THE MIDDLE IRTYSH RIVER (OMSK, RUSSIA)

The authors consider the long-term succession of phytoplankton of the middle reach of the trans border Irtysh River (Russia, Omsk) for 1998-2016. The abundance and biomass of the phytoplankton remained at the same level in the 2014-2015. Statistically significant changes established in the structure of phytoplankton: the increase of Euglenophyta in the total abundance and biomass of the phytoplankton in the relative proportion in the spring time, and the decline of Chlorophyta in the total number of phytoplankton in the relative proportion in spring and summer times. The composition of phytoplankton has identified by 88 new specific and infraspecific taxa, where are dominated Chlorophyta (31) and Euglenophyta (21). Taxonomic structure and abundance of species of the phytoplankton remained at the level of 1998-2003, that corresponds to the ecological modulation state. Qualitative changes in the species composition of the phytoplankton have negative character traits and collectively point to strengthening the eutrophication process and the pollution increase of the river water with organic matter.

S.S. Sadogurskaya, S.Ye. Sadogurskiy, T.V. Belich, S.A. Sadogurskaya

NEW LOCATIONS OF HALOPTERIS SCOPARIA (L.) SAUV. (PHAEOPHYCEAE) ALONG THE SEACOAST OF THE CRIMEAN PENINSULA

The article presents generalized information about distribution of Halopteris scoparia (Phaeophyceae) along the Black Sea coast of the Crimean Peninsula. The data about two new locations in the protected water areas of the Natural Reserve “The Cape Martjan” and of the Reserve “Atlesh” (National Nature Park “Charivna Gavan”) are presented. Collected materials were sent to the herbarium funds (YALT). Morphometric characteristics of thallus are given for diagnosis clarification in identification manuals. Considering, that this alga is rare and scarce in the Crimea and generally along the northern Black Sea coast, it has been recommended to list this taxon in Red Books and other nature protection lists, including national and international ranks.